Department of Psychology, AWHARE (Addiction & Women's Health: Advancing Research and Evaluation), Virginia Commonwealth University, Old City Hall, Room 350A, 1001 East Broad Street, PO Box 980343, Richmond, VA 23298-0343, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Jan 1;120(1-3):55-64. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.024. Epub 2011 Jul 29.
Unemployment is associated with negative outcomes both during and after drug abuse treatment. Interventions designed to increase rates of employment may also improve drug abuse treatment outcomes. The purpose of this multi-site clinical trial was to evaluate the Job Seekers' Workshop (JSW), a three session, manualized program designed to train patients in the skills needed to find and secure a job.
Study participants were recruited through the NIDA Clinical Trials Network (CTN) from six psychosocial counseling (n=327) and five methadone maintenance (n=301) drug treatment programs. Participants were randomly assigned to either standard care (program-specific services plus brochure with local employment resources) (SC) or standard care plus JSW. Three 4-h small group JSW sessions were offered weekly by trained JSW facilitators with ongoing fidelity monitoring.
JSW and SC participants had similar 12- and 24-week results for the primary outcome measure (i.e., obtaining a new taxed job or enrollment in a training program). Specifically, one-fifth of participants at 12weeks (20.1-24.3%) and nearly one-third at 24 weeks (31.4-31.9%) had positive outcomes, with "obtaining a new taxed job" accounting for the majority of cases.
JSW group participants did not have higher rates of employment/training than SC controls. Rates of job acquisition were modest for both groups, suggesting more intensive interventions may be needed. Alternate targets (e.g., enhancing patient motivation, training in job-specific skills) warrant further study as well.
失业与吸毒治疗期间和之后的负面结果都有关联。旨在提高就业率的干预措施也可能改善吸毒治疗结果。本多地点临床试验的目的是评估求职者讲习班（JSW），这是一个三节课、手册化的项目，旨在培训患者寻找和获得工作所需的技能。
研究参与者通过国家药物滥用研究所临床试验网络（CTN）从六个心理社会咨询（n=327）和五个美沙酮维持治疗（n=301）药物治疗项目中招募。参与者被随机分配到标准护理（特定于项目的服务加带有当地就业资源的小册子）（SC）或标准护理加 JSW。每周由经过培训的 JSW 促进者提供三个 4 小时的小组 JSW 课程，并进行持续的保真度监测。
JSW 和 SC 参与者在主要结果测量（即获得新的纳税工作或参加培训计划）方面的 12 周和 24 周结果相似。具体来说，五分之一的参与者在 12 周时（20.1-24.3%）和近三分之一的参与者在 24 周时（31.4-31.9%）有积极的结果，其中“获得新的纳税工作”占大多数。
JSW 组参与者的就业率/培训率没有比 SC 对照组高。两组的就业机会率都不高，这表明可能需要更强化的干预措施。其他目标（例如，增强患者的动机，培训特定于工作的技能）也值得进一步研究。
