Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2011 Jul;1(1):44-9. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.05.002.
Significant progress has recently been obtained in our understanding of cellular entry by nonenveloped viruses (NEVs). A key step in the entry process involves the disruption or remodeling of the limiting cell membrane allowing the virus to gain access to the cellular replication machinery. Biochemical, genetic and structural data from diverse virus groups have shed light on the process of membrane penetration thereby revealing both the conservation and divergence of the mechanisms and principles governing this process. In general, membrane breach is achieved via the highly regulated spatiotemporal exposure of a virally encoded membrane lytic factor, resulting in the transfer of the viral genome or nucleocapsid into the cytosol.
近年来，人们对无包膜病毒（NEVs）的细胞进入机制有了更深入的了解。进入过程的一个关键步骤涉及到破坏或重塑限制细胞膜，使病毒能够进入细胞复制机制。来自不同病毒群的生化、遗传和结构数据揭示了膜穿透过程，从而揭示了控制这一过程的机制和原理的保守性和多样性。一般来说，膜破裂是通过病毒编码的膜裂解因子的高度调控时空暴露来实现的，导致病毒基因组或核衣壳转移到细胞质中。
