Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
J Cell Sci. 2021 Mar 4;134(5):jcs252676. doi: 10.1242/jcs.252676.
Membrane trafficking is an essential cellular process conserved across all eukaryotes, which regulates the uptake or release of macromolecules from cells, the composition of cellular membranes and organelle biogenesis. It influences numerous aspects of cellular organisation, dynamics and homeostasis, including nutrition, signalling and cell architecture. Not surprisingly, malfunction of membrane trafficking is linked to many serious genetic, metabolic and neurological disorders. It is also often hijacked during viral infection, enabling viruses to accomplish many of the main stages of their replication cycle, including entry into and egress from cells. The appropriation of membrane trafficking by viruses has been studied since the birth of cell biology and has helped elucidate how this integral cellular process functions. In this Review, we discuss some of the different strategies viruses use to manipulate and take over the membrane compartments of their hosts to promote their replication, assembly and egress.
膜运输是一种在所有真核生物中保守的基本细胞过程，它调节细胞内大分子的摄取或释放、细胞膜的组成和细胞器的发生。它影响细胞组织、动力学和动态平衡的许多方面，包括营养、信号和细胞结构。毫不奇怪，膜运输的功能障碍与许多严重的遗传、代谢和神经紊乱有关。在病毒感染期间，它也经常被劫持，使病毒能够完成其复制周期的许多主要阶段，包括进入和离开细胞。自从细胞生物学诞生以来，病毒对膜运输的侵占就一直被研究，这有助于阐明这个完整的细胞过程是如何发挥作用的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了病毒用来操纵和接管宿主细胞膜区室以促进其复制、组装和释放的一些不同策略。
