de La Rocque S, Balenghien T, Halos L, Dietze K, Claes F, Ferrari G, Guberti V, Slingenbergh J
Emergency Prevention Programme for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme de Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy.
Rev Sci Tech. 2011 Apr;30(1):119-30. doi: 10.20506/rst.30.1.2018.
It is difficult to determine the part that international trade has played in the expansion of vector-borne diseases, because of the multitude of factors that affect the transformation of habitats and the interfaces between vectors and hosts. The introduction of pathogens through trade in live animals or products of animal origin, as well as the arrival of arthropod vectors, is probably quite frequent but the establishment of an efficient transmission system that develops into a disease outbreak remains the exception. In this paper, based on well-documented examples, the authors review the ecological and epidemiological characteristics of vector-borne diseases that may have been affected in their spread and change of distribution by international trade. In addition, they provide a detailed analysis of the risks associated with specific trade routes and recent expansions of vector populations. Finally, the authors highlight the importance, as well as the challenges, of preventive surveillance and regulation. The need for improved monitoring of vector populations and a readiness to face unpredictable epidemiological events are also emphasised, since this will require rapid reaction, not least in the regulatory context.
由于影响栖息地转变以及病媒与宿主之间界面的因素众多，很难确定国际贸易在媒介传播疾病扩散中所起的作用。通过活体动物贸易或动物源性产品引入病原体，以及节肢动物病媒的到来，可能相当频繁，但建立一个发展成疾病暴发的高效传播系统仍然是例外情况。在本文中，作者基于充分记录的实例，回顾了可能在其传播和分布变化上受到国际贸易影响的媒介传播疾病的生态和流行病学特征。此外，他们详细分析了与特定贸易路线以及病媒种群近期扩张相关的风险。最后，作者强调了预防性监测和监管的重要性以及挑战。还强调了加强对病媒种群监测的必要性以及应对不可预测的流行病学事件的准备情况，因为这将需要迅速做出反应，尤其是在监管方面。
