Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021460. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
Levels of sequence divergence at mitochondrial loci are frequently used in phylogeographic analysis and species delimitation though single marker systems cannot assess bi-parental gene flow. In this investigation I compare the phylogeographic patterns revealed through the maternally inherited mitochondrial COI region and the paternally inherited 7(th) intron region of the Dby gene on the Y-chromosome in eight common Neotropical bat species. These species are diverse and include members of two families from the feeding guilds of sanguivores, nectarivores, frugivores, carnivores and insectivores. In each case, the currently recognized taxon is comprised of distinct, substantially divergent intraspecific mitochondrial lineages suggesting cryptic species complexes. In Chrotopterus auritus, and Saccopteryx bilineata I observed congruent patterns of divergence in both genetic regions suggesting a cessation of gene flow between intraspecific groups. This evidence supports the existence of cryptic species complexes which meet the criteria of the genetic species concept. In Glossophaga soricina two intraspecific groups with largely sympatric South American ranges show evidence for incomplete lineage sorting or frequent hybridization while a third group with a Central American distribution appears to diverge congruently at both loci suggesting speciation. Within Desmodus rotundus and Trachops cirrhosus the paternally inherited region was monomorphic and thus does not support or refute the potential for cryptic speciation. In Uroderma bilobatum, Micronycteris megalotis and Platyrrhinus helleri the gene regions show conflicting patterns of divergence and I cannot exclude ongoing gene flow between intraspecific groups. This analysis provides a comprehensive comparison across taxa and employs both maternally and paternally inherited gene regions to validate patterns of gene flow. I present evidence for previously unrecognized species meeting the criteria of the genetic species concept but demonstrate that estimates of mitochondrial diversity alone do not accurately represent gene flow in these species and that contact/hybrid zones must be explored to evaluate reproductive isolation.
线粒体基因座的序列差异水平常用于系统地理学分析和物种界定，尽管单一标记系统无法评估双亲基因流。在本研究中，我比较了 8 种常见新热带蝙蝠物种的母系遗传线粒体 COI 区和父系遗传 Y 染色体 Dby 基因第 7 内含子区揭示的系统地理学模式。这些物种具有多样性，包括食血动物、食蜜动物、食果动物、食肉动物和食虫动物两个科的成员。在每种情况下，目前公认的分类群都由明显的、实质性的种内线粒体谱系组成，这表明存在隐种复合体。在 Chrotopterus auritus 和 Saccopteryx bilineata 中，我观察到两个遗传区域的分化模式一致，表明种内群体之间的基因流已经停止。这一证据支持了存在符合遗传物种概念标准的隐种复合体。在 Glossophaga soricina 中，两个具有广泛南美分布范围的种内群体显示出不完全谱系分选或频繁杂交的证据，而一个具有中美洲分布的第三个群体在两个基因座上的分化模式一致，表明发生了物种形成。在 Desmodus rotundus 和 Trachops cirrhosus 中，父系遗传区是单态的，因此不能支持或反驳隐种形成的可能性。在 Uroderma bilobatum、Micronycteris megalotis 和 Platyrrhinus helleri 中，基因区显示出相互冲突的分化模式，我不能排除种内群体之间持续的基因流。本分析在分类群之间进行了全面比较，并采用母系和父系遗传基因区来验证基因流模式。我提出了以前未被识别的符合遗传物种概念标准的物种的证据，但也证明了仅估计线粒体多样性并不能准确代表这些物种中的基因流，必须探索接触/杂交区来评估生殖隔离。
