Department of Microbiology and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Mol Microbiol. 2011 Sep;81(6):1433-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07776.x. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
Mushrooms represent the most conspicuous structures of fungi. Their development is being studied in the model basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. The genome of S. commune contains 472 genes encoding predicted transcription factors. Of these, fst3 and fst4 were shown to inhibit and induce mushroom development respectively. Here, we inactivated five additional transcription factor genes. This resulted in absence of mushroom development (in the case of deletion of bri1 and hom2), in arrested development at the stage of aggregate formation (in the case of c2h2) and in the formation of more but smaller mushrooms (in the case of hom1 and gat1). Moreover, strains in which hom2 and bri1 were inactivated formed symmetrical colonies instead of irregular colonies like the wild type. A genome-wide expression analysis identified several gene classes that were differentially expressed in the strains in which either hom2 or fst4 was inactivated. Among the genes that were downregulated in these strains were c2h2 and hom1. Based on these results, a regulatory model of mushroom development in S. commune is proposed. This model most likely also applies to other mushroom-forming fungi and will serve as a basis to understand mushroom formation in nature and to enable and improve commercial mushroom production.
蘑菇代表真菌最显著的结构。它们的发育正在模式担子菌 Schizophyllum commune 中进行研究。S. commune 的基因组包含 472 个编码预测转录因子的基因。其中，fst3 和 fst4 分别被证明抑制和诱导蘑菇发育。在这里，我们使五个额外的转录因子基因失活。这导致蘑菇发育缺失（在 bri1 和 hom2 缺失的情况下），在聚集形成阶段发育停滞（在 c2h2 的情况下），以及形成更多但较小的蘑菇（在 hom1 和 gat1 的情况下）。此外，在 hom2 和 bri1 失活的菌株中形成的是对称菌落，而不是野生型的不规则菌落。全基因组表达分析确定了在 hom2 或 fst4 失活的菌株中差异表达的几个基因类别。在这些菌株中下调的基因包括 c2h2 和 hom1。基于这些结果，提出了 S. commune 中蘑菇发育的调控模型。该模型很可能也适用于其他形成蘑菇的真菌，并将作为理解自然界中蘑菇形成以及实现和改善商业蘑菇生产的基础。
