Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2011 Sep;58(6):424-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01384.x. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
To estimate the public and animal health risk that alien species pose, the prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter spp. in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor, n=459) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata, n=153), which are abundant alien species in Japan, was investigated in urban and suburban areas of Japan. Salmonella enterica was detected from 29 samples [26 raccoons, 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8-3.5%; three masked palm civets, 2.0%, 95% CI 4.2-0%]. Many of the isolates belonged to serovars that are commonly isolated from human gastroenteritis patients (e.g. S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Thompson). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 26.9 % of the isolates from raccoons were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, whereas none of the isolates from masked palm civets were resistant. Yersinia sp. was detected from 193 samples (177 raccoons, 38.6%, 95% CI 43.0-34.1%; 16 masked palm civets, 10.5%, 95% CI 15.3-5.6%). All virulent Yersinia strains belonged to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which was isolated from seven (1.5%, 95% CI 2.6-0.4%) raccoons and six (3.9%, 95% CI 7.0-0.8%) masked palm civets. According to the detection of virulence factors, all the Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates belonged to the Far Eastern systemic pathogenicity type. Campylobacter spp. was detected from 17 samples (six raccoons, 1.3%, 95% CI 2.3-0.3%; 11 masked palm civets, 7.2%, 95% CI 11.3-3.1%). Among these, three isolates from raccoons were identified as C. jejuni. These results showed that these pathogens can be transmitted by human activities, other wild animals, and the environment to feral raccoons and masked palm civets, and vice versa. As these animals have omnivorous behaviour and a wide range of habitats, they can play an important role in the transmission of the enteric pathogens.
为了评估外来物种对公共卫生和动物健康的风险，本研究调查了在日本城市和郊区中数量丰富的两种外来物种——浣熊（Procyon lotor，n=459）和果子狸（Paguma larvata，n=153）中沙门氏菌、耶尔森菌和弯曲杆菌属的流行情况。从 29 个样本中检测到沙门氏菌 enterica [26 只浣熊，5.7%，95%置信区间（CI）7.8-3.5%；三只果子狸，2.0%，95%CI 4.2-0%]。许多分离株属于通常从人类肠胃炎患者中分离到的血清型（例如肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和汤普森沙门氏菌）。抗菌药物敏感性试验表明，26.9%的浣熊分离株对至少一种抗菌药物有耐药性，而果子狸分离株均无耐药性。从 193 个样本中检测到耶尔森菌 sp. [177 只浣熊，38.6%，95%CI 43.0-34.1%；16 只果子狸，10.5%，95%CI 15.3-5.6%]。所有毒力耶尔森菌菌株均属于假结核耶尔森菌，从 7 只（1.5%，95%CI 2.6-0.4%）浣熊和 6 只（3.9%，95%CI 7.0-0.8%）果子狸中分离到。根据毒力因子的检测结果，所有假结核耶尔森菌分离株均属于远东系统致病性类型。从 17 个样本中检测到弯曲杆菌属[6 只浣熊，1.3%，95%CI 2.3-0.3%；11 只果子狸，7.2%，95%CI 11.3-3.1%]。其中，从浣熊中分离出的 3 个分离株被鉴定为空肠弯曲杆菌。这些结果表明，这些病原体可以通过人类活动、其他野生动物和环境传播给浣熊和果子狸，反之亦然。由于这些动物具有杂食性和广泛的栖息地，它们可能在外来肠道病原体的传播中发挥重要作用。
