Rana Sudha, Kumar Raj, Sultana Sarwat, Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi - 110 054, India.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2010 Jul;2(3):189-96. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.68500.
Radiation incident involving living organisms is an uncommon but a very serious situation. The first step in medical management including triage is high-throughput assessment of the radiation dose received. Radiation exposure levels can be assessed from viability of cells, cellular organelles such as chromosome and different intermediate metabolites. Oxidative damages by ionizing radiation result in carcinogenesis, lowering of the immune response and, ultimately, damage to the hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal system and central nervous system. Biodosimetry is based on the measurement of the radiation-induced changes, which can correlate them with the absorbed dose. Radiation biomarkers such as chromosome aberration are most widely used. Serum enzymes such as serum amylase and diamine oxidase are the most promising biodosimeters. The level of gene expression and protein are also good biomarkers of radiation.
涉及生物体的辐射事件虽不常见，但非常严重。包括分诊在内的医学处理的第一步是对所接受的辐射剂量进行高通量评估。辐射暴露水平可根据细胞的活力、染色体等细胞器以及不同的中间代谢产物来评估。电离辐射造成的氧化损伤会导致致癌、免疫反应降低，并最终损害造血系统、胃肠道系统和中枢神经系统。生物剂量测定基于对辐射诱导变化的测量，并将这些变化与吸收剂量相关联。诸如染色体畸变等辐射生物标志物应用最为广泛。血清淀粉酶和二胺氧化酶等血清酶是最有前景的生物剂量计。基因表达水平和蛋白质水平也是良好的辐射生物标志物。
