Sharma Mudit
Commanding Officer, Air Force Institute of NBC Protection, Air Force Station, Arjangarh, New Delhi - 110 047, India.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2010 Jul;2(3):275-80. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.68510.
Appropriate training is the key to the right level of preparedness against any disaster, and Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) disasters are no different. The presence of contamination precludes rescue operations to commence soon after the event and it takes a systematic approach to detect and decontaminate the CBRN hazard. Achieving such interventions poses a critical challenge because humans do not possess any inborn, natural sensors with which to recognize these dangers early enough. This requires special training besides the right tools to achieve the objective. CBRN training in India has evolved over the years as a pure military-related concept to a disaster-level response training involving the first responders. The complex nature of CBRN agents requires a methodical and systematic approach to counter the response successfully, and the training for this necessitates adoption of proven modern principles of education management, like training needs analysis, operational research, etc. Simulation as a training and planning offers repeatability, controllability and the possibility for evaluation and is being successfully used in some advanced countries for training responders in the relatively unknown and mysterious domain of CBRN disaster management training. There is also a perceived need to integrate and standardize the curricula to suit the respective first responder. It is strongly felt that with the able support of apex agencies like National Disaster Management Authority and guidance of the Defence Research and Development Organisation, the training effort in CBRN disaster management will get the right impetus to achieve a stature of a modern, progressive and mature endeavour. This will enable India to develop a strong CBRN defence posture very much in line with the country's emerging status globally as a technological power.
适当的培训是做好应对任何灾难准备工作的关键，应对化学、生物、放射和核（CBRN）灾难也不例外。污染的存在使得救援行动无法在事件发生后不久就展开，需要采用系统的方法来检测和消除CBRN危害。实现此类干预措施面临着严峻挑战，因为人类没有任何天生的自然传感器来尽早识别这些危险。这除了需要合适的工具外，还需要特殊培训才能实现目标。印度的CBRN培训多年来已从一个纯粹与军事相关的概念演变为涉及第一响应者的灾难级响应培训。CBRN制剂的复杂性要求采取有条不紊和系统的方法才能成功应对，为此进行的培训需要采用经过验证的现代教育管理原则，如培训需求分析、运筹学等。模拟作为一种培训和规划手段，具有可重复性、可控性以及评估可能性，目前在一些发达国家已成功用于在相对未知和神秘的CBRN灾难管理培训领域培训响应者。人们还意识到需要整合和规范课程以适应各自的第一响应者。强烈认为，在国家灾害管理局等顶级机构的有力支持以及国防研究与发展组织的指导下，CBRN灾难管理培训工作将获得正确的推动力，从而发展成为一项现代、进步和成熟的事业。这将使印度能够发展强大的CBRN防御态势，这与该国在全球作为技术强国的新兴地位非常相符。
