Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2010 Dec 23;1:230. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00230. eCollection 2010.
The paralysis-by-analysis phenomenon, i.e., attending to the execution of one's movement impairs performance, has gathered a lot of attention over recent years (see Wulf, 2007, for a review). Explanations of this phenomenon, e.g., the hypotheses of constrained action (Wulf et al., 2001) or of step-by-step execution (Masters, 1992; Beilock et al., 2002), however, do not refer to the level of underlying mechanisms on the level of sensorimotor control. For this purpose, a "nodal-point hypothesis" is presented here with the core assumption that skilled motor behavior is internally based on sensorimotor chains of nodal points, that attending to intermediate nodal points leads to a muscular re-freezing of the motor system at exactly and exclusively these points in time, and that this re-freezing is accompanied by the disruption of compensatory processes, resulting in an overall decrease of motor performance. Two experiments, on lever sequencing and basketball free throws, respectively, are reported that successfully tested these time-referenced predictions, i.e., showing that muscular activity is selectively increased and compensatory variability selectively decreased at movement-related nodal points if these points are in the focus of attention.
分析瘫痪现象，即关注自身运动的执行会损害表现，近年来受到了广泛关注（综述见 Wulf，2007）。对这一现象的解释，如约束行为假说（Wulf 等人，2001）或逐步执行假说（Masters，1992；Beilock 等人，2002），但并没有提到传感器运动控制层面上的潜在机制水平。为此，本文提出了一个“节点假说”，其核心假设是熟练的运动行为是基于传感器运动链的节点，关注中间节点会导致肌肉在运动系统中在确切和唯一的时间点重新冻结，而这种重新冻结伴随着补偿过程的中断，导致运动表现整体下降。报告了两个实验，分别是关于杠杆序列和篮球自由投，成功地测试了这些时间参考预测，即如果这些节点是注意力的焦点，则与运动相关的节点处的肌肉活动选择性增加，补偿可变性选择性降低。
