BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Benef Microbes. 2011 Jun;2(2):93-101. doi: 10.3920/BM2011.0002.
Indigenous microbes are known to influence human health outcomes and various approaches are now being made to positively modulate these microbe-induced outcomes via the administration of probiotics. The application of probiotics that are specific to the oral cavity is a relatively undeveloped field, and their emergence has largely occurred as a reasoned follow-up to initial studies in which probiotics that had already been developed and obtained regulatory approval for intestinal applications were then also evaluated for their putative influence on oral microbiota functionality. These attempts to extend the application of existing probiotics were probably at least in part motivated by recognition of the substantial safety and regulatory hurdles that must be overcome prior to the introduction of a novel probiotic agent. Nevertheless, from an efficacy perspective it appears more logical to develop microbes of oral origin as the specific providers of probiotic solutions for oral diseases, rather than attempting to adapt intestinally-derived strains for this role. Oral bacteria and their bioactive molecules have evolved to operate optimally in this environment and in some cases are known to persist only in oral sites. Amongst the bacteria of more than 700 species now identified within the human oral microbiota, it is the streptococci that are numerically predominant. Although this review highlights the development of the oral cavity bacterium Streptococcus salivarius as an oral probiotic, a number of other streptococcal species have also been shown to have considerable potential as probiotic candidates.
已知本土微生物会影响人类健康状况，目前人们正在采取各种方法，通过益生菌的应用来积极调节这些由微生物引起的结果。针对口腔的益生菌应用是一个相对未开发的领域，它们的出现主要是因为最初的研究已经开发出并获得了肠道应用的监管批准，然后还评估了它们对口腔微生物组功能的潜在影响。这些将现有益生菌应用扩展的尝试可能至少部分是出于对在引入新型益生菌制剂之前必须克服的大量安全性和监管障碍的认识。然而，从疗效的角度来看，开发口腔来源的微生物作为口腔疾病的益生菌解决方案的提供者似乎更为合理，而不是试图将源自肠道的菌株适应这一角色。口腔细菌及其生物活性分子已经进化到在这种环境中最佳地发挥作用，在某些情况下，它们被认为只存在于口腔部位。在人类口腔微生物组中现已鉴定出的 700 多种细菌中，链球菌在数量上占优势。尽管这篇综述强调了口腔细菌唾液链球菌作为口腔益生菌的开发，但许多其他链球菌也被证明具有作为益生菌候选物的巨大潜力。
