Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom.
Plant Cell. 2011 Aug;23(8):2809-20. doi: 10.1105/tpc.111.087346. Epub 2011 Aug 12.
Plant cells maintain sophisticated gene transcription programs to regulate their development, communication, and response to the environment. Environmental stress cues, such as pathogen encounter, lead to dramatic reprogramming of transcription to favor stress responses over normal cellular functions. Transcription reprogramming is conferred by the concerted action of myriad transcription (co)factors that function directly or indirectly to recruit or release RNA Polymerase II. To establish an effective defense response, cells require transcription (co)factors to deploy their activity rapidly, transiently, spatially, and hierarchically. Recent findings suggest that in plant immunity these requirements are met by posttranslational modifications that accurately regulate transcription (co)factor activity as well as by sequential pulse activation of specific gene transcription programs that provide feedback and feedforward properties to the defense gene network. Here, we integrate these recent findings from plant defense studies into the emerging field of transcription dynamics in eukaryotes.
植物细胞维持着复杂的基因转录程序，以调节它们的发育、通讯和对环境的反应。环境胁迫信号，如病原体的遭遇，导致转录的剧烈重编程，有利于应激反应而不是正常的细胞功能。转录重编程是由无数转录（共）因子的协同作用赋予的，这些因子直接或间接地招募或释放 RNA 聚合酶 II。为了建立有效的防御反应，细胞需要转录（共）因子快速、短暂、空间和层次地部署它们的活性。最近的发现表明，在植物免疫中，这些要求是通过翻译后修饰来满足的，这些修饰可以精确地调节转录（共）因子的活性，以及通过特定基因转录程序的顺序脉冲激活，为防御基因网络提供反馈和前馈特性。在这里，我们将这些来自植物防御研究的最新发现整合到真核生物转录动力学的新兴领域中。
