Nishizawa Toru, Tamaoki Masanori, Aono Mitsuko, Kubo Akihiro, Saji Hikaru, Nakajima Nobuyoshi
Environmental Biology Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan.
GM Crops. 2010 May-Jun;1(3):143-56. doi: 10.4161/gmcr.1.3.12761.
Feral rapeseed in Japan consists of Brassica rapa, B. juncea and B. napus, mostly produced by escape from crops. Brassica rapa and B. juncea were introduced from abroad long ago as leaf and root vegetables and as an oil crop and breeders have developed various cultivars. Brassica napus was introduced in the late 1800s, mainly as an oil crop. Rapeseed production in Japan is low, and most demand is met by imports from Canada (94.4% of the 2009 trade volume). Recently, spontaneous B. napus, including genetically modified (GM) herbicide-resistant individuals, has been detected along Japanese roads, probably originating from seeds lost during transportation of imports. As GM oilseed production increases abroad, the probability of escape of GM oilseed rape in Japan will increase, raising environmental biosafety concerns related to the impact of feral rapeseed on heirloom brassicaceous crops. In this paper, we review the history of rapeseed introduction in Japan and future concerns.
日本的野生油菜包括白菜型油菜、芥菜型油菜和甘蓝型油菜，大多是作物逸生形成的。白菜型油菜和芥菜型油菜很久以前就从国外引入，分别作为叶菜类、根菜类蔬菜和油料作物，育种者已培育出了各种品种。甘蓝型油菜于19世纪后期引入，主要作为油料作物。日本的油菜籽产量较低，大部分需求通过从加拿大进口来满足（占2009年贸易量的94.4%）。最近，在日本道路沿线检测到了包括抗除草剂转基因个体在内的自发甘蓝型油菜，可能源自进口运输过程中丢失的种子。随着国外转基因油料作物产量的增加，日本转基因油菜籽逸生的可能性将会增大，这引发了与野生油菜对传统 Brassica 作物影响相关的环境生物安全问题。在本文中，我们回顾了油菜在日本的引进历史以及未来存在的问题。
