Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2013 Oct;17(10):502-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012. Epub 2013 Sep 7.
Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept meant to account for the frequent discrepancy between an individual's measured level of brain pathology and her expected cognitive performance. It is particularly important within the context of aging and dementia, but has wider applicability to all forms of brain damage. As such, it has intimate links to related compensatory and neuroprotective concepts, as well as to the related notion of brain reserve. In this article, we introduce the concept of cognitive reserve and explicate its potential cognitive and neural implementation. We conclude that cognitive reserve is compatible and complementary with many related concepts, but that each much draw sharper conceptual boundaries in order to truly explain preserved cognitive function in the face of aging or brain damage.
认知储备(CR)是一个概念,旨在解释个体大脑病理的测量水平与其预期认知表现之间经常存在的差异。它在衰老和痴呆症的背景下尤为重要,但也广泛适用于所有形式的脑损伤。因此,它与相关的补偿和神经保护概念以及相关的大脑储备概念密切相关。在本文中,我们介绍了认知储备的概念,并详细说明了其潜在的认知和神经实现。我们得出的结论是,认知储备与许多相关概念是兼容和互补的,但为了真正解释在衰老或大脑损伤情况下保留的认知功能,每个概念都需要更清晰地划定概念界限。