Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.
Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy.
Alzheimers Dement. 2024 May;20(5):3567-3586. doi: 10.1002/alz.13744. Epub 2024 Mar 13.
This review examines the concept of cognitive reserve (CR) in relation to brain aging, particularly in the context of dementia and its early stages. CR refers to an individual's ability to maintain or regain cognitive function despite brain aging, damage, or disease. Various factors, including education, occupation complexity, leisure activities, and genetics are believed to influence CR.
We revised the literature in the context of CR. A total of 842 articles were identified, then we rigorously assessed the relevance of articles based on titles and abstracts, employing a systematic approach to eliminate studies that did not align with our research objectives.
We evaluate-also in a critical way-the methods commonly used to define and measure CR, including sociobehavioral proxies, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological and genetic measures. The challenges and limitations of these measures are discussed, emphasizing the need for more targeted research to improve the understanding, definition, and measurement of CR.
The review underscores the significance of comprehending CR in the context of both normal and pathological brain aging and emphasizes the importance of further research to identify and enhance this protective factor for cognitive preservation in both healthy and neurologically impaired older individuals.
This review examines the concept of cognitive reserve in brain aging, in the context of dementia and its early stages. We have evaluated the methods commonly used to define and measure cognitive reserve. Sociobehavioral proxies, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological and genetic measures are discussed. The review emphasizes the importance of further research to identify and enhance this protective factor for cognitive preservation.
本综述探讨了认知储备（CR）的概念与大脑衰老之间的关系，尤其涉及痴呆症及其早期阶段。CR 指的是个体在大脑衰老、损伤或患病的情况下，保持或恢复认知功能的能力。各种因素，包括教育、职业复杂性、休闲活动和遗传，被认为会影响 CR。
我们在 CR 的背景下对文献进行了修订。共确定了 842 篇文章，然后我们采用系统的方法严格评估了根据标题和摘要确定的文章的相关性，以排除与我们研究目标不一致的研究。
我们还批判性地评估了定义和衡量 CR 的常用方法，包括社会行为指标、神经影像学、电生理学和遗传学指标。讨论了这些措施的挑战和局限性，强调需要更有针对性的研究来提高对 CR 的理解、定义和测量。
该综述强调了在正常和病理性大脑衰老背景下理解 CR 的重要性，并强调了进一步研究的重要性，以确定和增强这一对认知保护的保护因素，无论是在健康还是神经受损的老年个体中。
本综述探讨了认知储备在大脑衰老中的概念，特别是在痴呆症及其早期阶段。我们评估了用于定义和测量认知储备的常用方法。讨论了社会行为指标、神经影像学、电生理学和遗传学指标。综述强调了进一步研究的重要性，以确定和增强这一对认知保护的保护因素。
