Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2012 Jan;38(1):204-10. doi: 10.1037/a0025160. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
The present study examined the impact of divided attention on children's and adults' neutral and negative true and false memories in a standard Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Children (7- and 11-year-olds; n = 126) and adults (n = 52) received 5 neutral and 5 negative Deese/Roediger-McDermott word lists; half of each group also received a divided attention task. The results showed that divided attention affected children's and adults' false memory levels differently but did not alter true memory differently. Our results revealed a developmental shift in that divided attention lowered children's false memory rates but increased adults' false memory rates, regardless of the nature of the material (i.e., neutral or negative). Our study indicates that manipulations that target conscious processing (e.g., divided attention) result in marked qualitative and quantitative differences between children's and adults' false memories but not true memories.
本研究采用德西/罗迪格-麦克德莫特范式考察了分配注意对儿童和成人中性及负性真实记忆和错误记忆的影响。儿童（7 岁和 11 岁；n = 126）和成人（n = 52）分别接受 5 个中性和 5 个负性德西/罗迪格-麦克德莫特单词列表；其中一半被试接受分配注意任务。结果表明，分配注意对儿童和成人的错误记忆水平的影响不同，但对真实记忆没有影响。研究结果揭示了一种发展转变，即分配注意降低了儿童的错误记忆率，但增加了成人的错误记忆率，而与材料的性质（即中性或负性）无关。本研究表明，针对意识加工的操作（如分配注意）会导致儿童和成人错误记忆产生显著的质和量的差异，但对真实记忆没有影响。
