Suarez Mar, Beato Maria Soledad
Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 9;12:659434. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659434. eCollection 2021.
Memory errors and, specifically, false memories in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm have been extensively studied in the past decades. Most studies have investigated false memory in monolinguals' native or first language (L1), but interest has also grown in examining false memories in participants' second language (L2) with different proficiency levels. The main purpose of this manuscript is to review the current state of knowledge on the role of language proficiency on false memories when participants encode and retrieve information in the same language. To do so, a systematic literature search was conducted, and the available studies were reviewed. These studies differed in, for example, age, language proficiency, or material characteristics, including both high and low associative strength lists, and they reported different results. In this review, we attempted to make sense of the apparently contradictory results by carefully identifying participants' language dominance and L2 proficiency. Specifically, the results indicated that, first, people are more prone to produce false memories in their dominant than in their non-dominant language. This result generalizes to lists with high and low associative strength, as well as to participants of different ages. Second, false memories do not differ between two languages when speakers are equally proficient in both languages. Finally, highly proficient L2 speakers produce more false memories in their L2 than speakers with lower L2 proficiency. The results of this review will be considered in the light of the theoretical frameworks of false memories and bilingual language processing.
在过去几十年中，人们对记忆错误，特别是对Deese/Roediger-McDermott范式中的错误记忆进行了广泛研究。大多数研究调查了单语者母语或第一语言（L1）中的错误记忆，但对于研究不同熟练程度的参与者在其第二语言（L2）中的错误记忆的兴趣也在增加。本手稿的主要目的是回顾当参与者用同一种语言编码和检索信息时，语言熟练程度对错误记忆作用的当前知识状态。为此，我们进行了系统的文献检索，并对现有研究进行了综述。这些研究在年龄、语言熟练程度或材料特征等方面存在差异，包括高关联强度列表和低关联强度列表，并且它们报告了不同的结果。在本综述中，我们试图通过仔细确定参与者的语言优势和L2熟练程度来理解这些明显矛盾的结果。具体而言，结果表明，首先，人们在其优势语言中比在非优势语言中更容易产生错误记忆。这一结果适用于高关联强度和低关联强度的列表，以及不同年龄的参与者。其次，当说话者在两种语言上的熟练程度相当时，两种语言中的错误记忆没有差异。最后，高熟练程度的L2使用者在其L2中比低熟练程度的使用者产生更多的错误记忆。本综述的结果将根据错误记忆和双语语言处理的理论框架来考虑。
