Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, TB and STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;53(8):751-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir495. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
Knowledge of the genotypic distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) facilitates epidemiologic tracking and surveillance of HBV infection as well as prediction of its disease burden. In the United States, HBV genotyping studies have been conducted for chronic but not acute hepatitis B.
Serum samples were collected from patients with acute hepatitis B cases reported from the 6 counties that participated in the Sentinel Counties Study of Acute Viral Hepatitis from 1999 through 2005. Polymerase chain reaction followed by nucleotide sequencing of a 435-base pair segment of the HBV S gene was performed, and the sequences were phylogenetically analyzed.
Of 614 patients identified with available serum samples, 75% were infected with genotype A HBV and 18% were infected with genotype D HBV. Thirty-two percent of genotype A sequences constituted a single subgenotype A2 cluster. The odds of infection with genotype A (vs with genotype D) were 5 times greater among black individuals than among Hispanic individuals (odds ratio [OR], 5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-10.7). The odds of infection with genotype A were 49, 8, and 4 times greater among patients from Jefferson County (Alabama), Pinellas County (Florida), and San Francisco (California), respectively, than among those living in Denver County (Colorado). Genotype A was less common among recent injection drug users than it was among non-injection drug users (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.4).
HBV genotype distribution was significantly associated with ethnicity, place of residence, and risk behavior.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因型分布的知识有助于对 HBV 感染进行流行病学跟踪和监测，以及对其疾病负担进行预测。在美国，HBV 基因分型研究仅针对慢性而非急性乙型肝炎进行。
从 1999 年至 2005 年参与哨兵县急性病毒性肝炎研究的 6 个县报告的急性乙型肝炎病例中采集血清样本。对 HBV S 基因 435 个碱基对片段进行聚合酶链反应，然后进行核苷酸测序，并进行系统进化分析。
在 614 例有可用血清样本的患者中，75%感染了基因型 A HBV，18%感染了基因型 D HBV。32%的基因型 A 序列构成单一亚基因型 A2 簇。与西班牙裔个体相比，黑人群体感染基因型 A（而非基因型 D）的几率高 5 倍（比值比[OR]，5；95%置信区间[CI]，2.3-10.7）。与居住在科罗拉多州丹佛县的患者相比，来自阿拉巴马州杰斐逊县、佛罗里达州皮内拉斯县和加利福尼亚州旧金山的患者感染基因型 A 的几率分别高 49 倍、8 倍和 4 倍。与非注射吸毒者相比，近期注射吸毒者感染基因型 A 的几率较低（OR，0.2；95% CI，0.1-0.4）。
HBV 基因型分布与种族、居住地和行为风险显著相关。
