Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012 Jan;69(2):175-89. doi: 10.1007/s00018-011-0793-4. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is the covalent attachment of ADP-ribose subunits from NAD(+) to target proteins and was first described in plants in the 1970s. This post-translational modification is mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and removed by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases (PARGs). PARPs have important functions in many biological processes including DNA repair, epigenetic regulation and transcription. However, these roles are not always associated with enzymatic activity. The PARP superfamily has been well studied in animals, but remains under-investigated in plants. Although plants lack the variety of PARP superfamily members found in mammals, they do encode three different types of PARP superfamily proteins, including a group of PARP-like proteins, the SRO family, that are plant specific. In plants, members of the PARP family and/or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation have been linked to DNA repair, mitosis, innate immunity and stress responses. In addition, members of the SRO family have been shown to be necessary for normal sporophytic development. In this review, we summarize the current state of plant research into poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and the PARP superfamily in plants.
聚（ADP-核糖）化是将 NAD（+）中的 ADP-核糖亚单位共价连接到靶蛋白上的过程，最初于 20 世纪 70 年代在植物中被描述。这种翻译后修饰是由聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶（PARPs）介导的，并由聚（ADP-核糖）糖水解酶（PARGs）去除。PARPs 在许多生物学过程中具有重要功能，包括 DNA 修复、表观遗传调控和转录。然而，这些作用并不总是与酶活性相关。PARP 超家族在动物中得到了很好的研究，但在植物中仍未得到充分研究。尽管植物缺乏哺乳动物中发现的各种 PARP 超家族成员，但它们确实编码了三种不同类型的 PARP 超家族蛋白，包括一组 PARP 样蛋白、SRO 家族，这些蛋白是植物特有的。在植物中，PARP 家族和/或聚（ADP-核糖）化与 DNA 修复、有丝分裂、先天免疫和应激反应有关。此外，SRO 家族的成员被证明对正常孢子体发育是必要的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前植物中聚（ADP-核糖）化和 PARP 超家族的研究状况。
