Vainonen Julia P, Shapiguzov Alexey, Vaattovaara Aleksia, Kangasjärvi Jaakko
Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, POB 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014 Helsinki Finland.
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2016;17(7):713-723. doi: 10.2174/1389203717666160419144721.
Poly(ADP-ribos)ylation, originally described as a mechanism of DNA break repair, is now considered as part of a complex regulatory system involved in dynamic reorganization of chromatin structure, transcriptional control of gene expression and regulation of metabolism. In plants poly(ADP-ribos)ylation has received surprisingly little attention. It has been implicated in abiotic and biotic stress responses, cell cycle control and development; however, the molecular mechanisms and proteins involved are largely unknown. In this review we summarize current knowledge on plant PARP, PARG and PARP-like domain containing proteins and discuss their possible roles in plant development, immune responses, programmed cell death and stress responses in general. The genome of the model plant Arabidopsis contains three genes encoding PARP proteins, two of which have been shown to be active PARPs, and two genes encoding PARG proteins, one of which was shown to possess enzymatic activity. In addition, SROs (Similar to RCD One) represent a plant specific family of proteins containing a PARP-like domain. Although bioinformatics and biochemical data suggest that the PARP-like domain in SRO proteins does not have PARP activity, these proteins play a significant role in stress response as revealed by mutant analyses. SRO proteins interact with transcription factors involved in various stress and developmental responses and are suggested to serve as hubs in many signaling pathways. Altogether current data imply that poly(ADP-ribos)ylation plays significant regulatory role in many aspects of plant biology.
聚（ADP - 核糖）基化最初被描述为一种DNA断裂修复机制，现在被认为是复杂调控系统的一部分，该系统参与染色质结构的动态重组、基因表达的转录控制和代谢调节。在植物中，聚（ADP - 核糖）基化受到的关注出奇地少。它与非生物和生物胁迫反应、细胞周期控制及发育有关；然而，其中涉及的分子机制和蛋白质在很大程度上尚不清楚。在本综述中，我们总结了目前关于植物聚（ADP - 核糖）聚合酶（PARP）、聚（ADP - 核糖）糖苷酶（PARG）以及含有PARP样结构域的蛋白质的知识，并讨论了它们在植物发育、免疫反应、程序性细胞死亡和一般胁迫反应中可能发挥的作用。模式植物拟南芥的基因组包含三个编码PARP蛋白的基因，其中两个已被证明是有活性的PARP，还有两个编码PARG蛋白的基因，其中一个被证明具有酶活性。此外，SROs（类似于RCD One）代表了一个植物特有的蛋白质家族，其含有PARP样结构域。尽管生物信息学和生化数据表明SRO蛋白中的PARP样结构域不具有PARP活性，但突变分析显示这些蛋白质在胁迫反应中发挥着重要作用。SRO蛋白与参与各种胁迫和发育反应的转录因子相互作用，并被认为在许多信号通路中起枢纽作用。总体而言，目前的数据表明聚（ADP - 核糖）基化在植物生物学的许多方面发挥着重要的调控作用。
