Cardiovascular Center and the Michigan Integrative Medicine Program, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
J Med Food. 2011 Dec;14(12):1511-8. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0292. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
Metabolic syndrome can precede the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and includes phenotypes such as obesity, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. A recent epidemiological study indicated that blueberry intake reduced cardiovascular mortality in humans, but the possible genetic mechanisms of this effect are unknown. Blueberries are a rich source of anthocyanins, and anthocyanins can alter the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which affect energy substrate metabolism. The effect of blueberry intake was assessed in obesity-prone rats. Zucker Fatty and Zucker Lean rats were fed a higher-fat diet (45% of kcal) or a lower-fat diet (10% of kcal) containing 2% (wt/wt) freeze-dried whole highbush blueberry powder or added sugars to match macronutrient and calorie content. In Zucker Fatty rats fed a high-fat diet, the addition of blueberry reduced triglycerides, fasting insulin, homeostasis model index of insulin resistance, and glucose area under the curve. Blueberry intake also reduced abdominal fat mass, increased adipose and skeletal muscle PPAR activity, and affected PPAR transcripts involved in fat oxidation and glucose uptake/oxidation. In Zucker Fatty rats fed a low-fat diet, the addition of blueberry also significantly reduced liver weight, body weight, and total fat mass. Finally, Zucker Lean rats fed blueberry had higher body weight and reduced triglycerides, but all other measures were unaffected. In conclusion, whole blueberry intake reduced phenotypes of metabolic syndrome in obesity-prone rats and affected PPAR gene transcripts in adipose and muscle tissue involved in fat and glucose metabolism.
代谢综合征可能先于 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病的发生，其临床表现包括肥胖、全身炎症、胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常等。最近的一项流行病学研究表明，蓝莓的摄入可降低人类心血管疾病的死亡率，但这种作用的可能遗传机制尚不清楚。蓝莓是花色苷的丰富来源，花色苷可以改变过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPARs）的活性，而 PPARs 又会影响能量底物代谢。本研究评估了蓝莓摄入对肥胖易感大鼠的影响。将 Zucker 肥胖型（Zucker Fatty）和 Zucker 正常型（Zucker Lean）大鼠分别喂食高脂肪（45%热量）或低脂肪（10%热量）饮食，其中高脂肪饮食组还额外添加 2%（wt/wt）冻干全高丛蓝莓粉或添加糖以匹配宏量营养素和卡路里含量。在喂食高脂肪饮食的 Zucker 肥胖型大鼠中，添加蓝莓可降低甘油三酯、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估指数和血糖曲线下面积。蓝莓的摄入还减少了腹部脂肪量，增加了脂肪组织和骨骼肌中 PPAR 的活性，并影响了涉及脂肪氧化和葡萄糖摄取/氧化的 PPAR 转录本。在喂食低脂肪饮食的 Zucker 肥胖型大鼠中，添加蓝莓也显著降低了肝脏重量、体重和总脂肪量。最后，喂食蓝莓的 Zucker 正常型大鼠体重更高，甘油三酯水平更低，但其他所有指标均不受影响。总之，蓝莓的整体摄入可减少肥胖易感大鼠的代谢综合征表现，并影响脂肪和葡萄糖代谢相关的脂肪和肌肉组织中的 PPAR 基因转录本。
