Michigan Integrative Medicine Program and Section of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
J Med Food. 2009 Oct;12(5):935-42. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0270.
Obesity, systemic inflammation, and hyperlipidemia are among the components of metabolic syndrome, a spectrum of phenotypes that can precede the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Animal studies show that intake of anthocyanin-rich extracts can affect these phenotypes. Anthocyanins can alter the activity of tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which affect energy substrate metabolism and inflammation. However, it is unknown if physiologically relevant, anthocyanin-containing whole foods confer similar effects to concentrated, anthocyanin extracts. The effect of anthocyanin-rich tart cherries was tested in the Zucker fatty rat model of obesity and metabolic syndrome. For 90 days, rats were pair-fed a higher fat diet supplemented with either 1% (wt/wt) freeze-dried, whole tart cherry powder or with a calorie- and macronutrient-matched control diet. Tart cherry intake was associated with reduced hyperlipidemia, percentage fat mass, abdominal fat (retroperitoneal) weight, retroperitoneal interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression, and plasma IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Tart cherry diet also increased retroperitoneal fat PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma mRNA (P = .12), decreased IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA, and decreased nuclear factor kappaB activity. In conclusion, in at-risk obese rats fed a high fat diet, physiologically relevant tart cherry consumption reduced several phenotypes of metabolic syndrome and reduced both systemic and local inflammation. Tart cherries may reduce the degree or trajectory of metabolic syndrome, thereby reducing risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
肥胖症、系统性炎症和高血脂症都是代谢综合征的组成部分，代谢综合征是一系列表型的统称，可能会导致 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病的发生。动物研究表明，摄入富含花青素的提取物可以影响这些表型。花青素可以改变组织过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPARs）的活性，而这些受体又会影响能量底物代谢和炎症。然而，目前尚不清楚富含花青素的全食物是否会像浓缩花青素提取物一样，对这些表型产生相似的影响。本研究旨在通过肥胖和代谢综合征的 Zucker 肥胖大鼠模型来测试富含花青素的酸樱桃的作用。在 90 天的时间里，大鼠被成对喂食高脂肪饮食，饮食中分别添加 1%（wt/wt）冻干、全酸樱桃粉或与卡路里和宏量营养素相匹配的对照饮食。酸樱桃的摄入与降低高血脂症、体脂百分比、腹部脂肪（腹膜后）重量、腹膜后白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）表达以及血浆 IL-6 和 TNF-α有关。酸樱桃饮食还增加了腹膜后脂肪 PPAR-α和 PPAR-γ mRNA（P =.12），降低了 IL-6 和 TNF-α mRNA，并降低了核因子 kappaB 的活性。综上所述，在易患肥胖症的大鼠中，摄入富含花青素的酸樱桃可降低几种代谢综合征的表型，并降低全身和局部炎症。酸樱桃可能会降低代谢综合征的严重程度或轨迹，从而降低 2 型糖尿病和心脏病的发病风险。
