Seymour E Mitchell, Singer Andrew A M, Kirakosyan Ara, Urcuyo-Llanes Daniel E, Kaufman Peter B, Bolling Steven F
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48109, USA.
J Med Food. 2008 Jun;11(2):252-9. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2007.658.
Elevated plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, and fatty liver are among components of metabolic syndrome, a phenotypic pattern that typically precedes the development of Type 2 diabetes. Animal studies show that intake of anthocyanins reduces hyperlipidemia, obesity, and atherosclerosis and that anthocyanin-rich extracts may exert these effects in association with altered activity of tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). However, studies are lacking to test this correlation using physiologically relevant, whole food sources of anthocyanins. Tart cherries are a rich source of anthocyanins, and whole cherry fruit intake may also affect hyperlipidemia and/or affect tissue PPARs. This hypothesis was tested in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rat having insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. For 90 days, Dahl rats were pair-fed AIN-76a-based diets supplemented with either 1% (wt:wt) freeze-dried whole tart cherry or with 0.85% additional carbohydrate to match macronutrient and calorie provision. After 90 days, the cherry-enriched diet was associated with reduced fasting blood glucose, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and reduced fatty liver. The cherry diet was also associated with significantly enhanced hepatic PPAR-alpha mRNA, enhanced hepatic PPAR-alpha target acyl-coenzyme A oxidase mRNA and activity, and increased plasma antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, physiologically relevant tart cherry consumption reduced several phenotypic risk factors that are associated with risk for metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. Tart cherries may represent a whole food research model of the health effects of anthocyanin-rich foods and may possess nutraceutical value against risk factors for metabolic syndrome and its clinical sequelae.
血浆脂质、葡萄糖、胰岛素升高以及脂肪肝是代谢综合征的组成部分，代谢综合征是一种表型模式，通常先于2型糖尿病的发生。动物研究表明，摄入花青素可降低高脂血症、肥胖和动脉粥样硬化，富含花青素的提取物可能通过改变组织过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPARs）的活性发挥这些作用。然而，缺乏使用生理相关的、富含花青素的全食物来源来测试这种相关性的研究。酸樱桃是花青素的丰富来源，摄入完整的樱桃果实也可能影响高脂血症和/或影响组织PPARs。在具有胰岛素抵抗和高脂血症的Dahl盐敏感大鼠中对这一假设进行了测试。90天来，给Dahl大鼠成对喂食基于AIN-76a的饮食，其中一种添加1%（重量比）冻干完整酸樱桃，另一种添加0.85%额外碳水化合物以匹配常量营养素和热量供应。90天后，富含樱桃的饮食与空腹血糖降低、高脂血症、高胰岛素血症减轻以及脂肪肝减轻相关。樱桃饮食还与肝脏PPAR-α mRNA显著增强、肝脏PPAR-α靶标酰基辅酶A氧化酶mRNA及活性增强以及血浆抗氧化能力增加相关。总之，摄入生理相关的酸樱桃可降低与代谢综合征和2型糖尿病风险相关的几种表型风险因素。酸樱桃可能代表了富含花青素食物对健康影响的全食物研究模型，并且可能具有对抗代谢综合征及其临床后遗症风险因素的营养保健价值。
