Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3990 John R, Suite 5930, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2011 Dec;13(6):579-87. doi: 10.1007/s11908-011-0210-z.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious complication after kidney transplantation (KT). Recurrent UTIs after KT can contribute to increased morbidity and may also be associated with graft loss and mortality. Though several risk factors like female gender, diabetes mellitus, presence of ureteric stents, native kidney disease with urological malformations and re-transplantation have been associated with recurrent UTIs after KT, vesicoureteric reflux appears to be a unique risk factor in this patient population. The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens as causative agents for post-transplant recurrent UTIs poses a significant therapeutic challenge. The use of pathogen-specific antibiotic therapy guided by culture and sensitivity data is warranted. The optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy for recurrent UTIs in renal transplant recipients remains uncertain.
尿路感染（UTI）是肾移植（KT）后最常见的感染性并发症。KT 后复发性 UTI 可导致发病率增加，并且还可能与移植物丢失和死亡率相关。尽管一些危险因素，如女性、糖尿病、输尿管支架存在、伴有尿路畸形的原肾疾病和再次移植与 KT 后复发性 UTI 相关，但在该患者人群中，膀胱输尿管反流似乎是一个独特的危险因素。导致移植后复发性 UTI 的耐药病原体的出现带来了重大的治疗挑战。根据培养和药敏数据使用针对病原体的抗生素治疗是必要的。肾移植受者复发性 UTI 的最佳抗菌治疗持续时间仍不确定。
