Azizova Tamara V, Muirhead Colin R, Moseeva Maria B, Grigoryeva Evgenia S, Sumina Margarita V, O'Hagan Jacqueline, Zhang Wei, Haylock Richard J G E, Hunter Nezahat
Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russian Federation.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2011 Nov;50(4):539-52. doi: 10.1007/s00411-011-0377-6. Epub 2011 Aug 28.
Incidence and mortality from cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) (430-438 ICD-9 codes) have been studied in a cohort of 18,763 workers first employed at the Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA) in 1948-1972 and followed up to the end of 2005. Some of the workers were exposed to external gamma-rays only while others were exposed to a mixture of external gamma-rays and internal alpha-particle radiation due to incorporated (239)Pu. After adjusting for non-radiation factors, there were significantly increasing trends in CVD incidence with total absorbed dose from external gamma-rays and total absorbed dose to liver from internal alpha radiation. The CVD incidence was statistically significantly higher among workers with total absorbed external gamma-ray doses greater than 0.20 Gy compared to those exposed to lower doses; the data were consistent with a linear trend in risk with external dose. The CVD incidence was statistically significantly higher among workers with total absorbed internal alpha-radiation doses to liver from incorporated (239)Pu greater than 0.025 Gy compared to those exposed to lower doses. There was no statistically significant trend in CVD mortality risk with either external gamma-ray dose or internal alpha-radiation dose to liver. The risk estimates obtained are generally compatible with those from other large occupational studies, although the incidence data point to higher risk estimates compared to those from the Japanese A-bomb survivors. Further studies of the unique cohort of Mayak workers chronically exposed to external and internal radiation will allow improving the reliability and validating the radiation safety standards for occupational and public exposure.
对1948年至1972年首次受雇于马亚克生产协会（马亚克PA）的18763名工人组成的队列进行了研究，随访至2005年底，以了解脑血管疾病（CVD）（国际疾病分类第九版编码430 - 438）的发病率和死亡率。部分工人仅暴露于外部伽马射线，而其他工人则由于摄入（239）钚而暴露于外部伽马射线和内部阿尔法粒子辐射的混合环境中。在调整非辐射因素后，CVD发病率随外部伽马射线的总吸收剂量和内部阿尔法辐射对肝脏的总吸收剂量呈现出显著上升趋势。外部伽马射线总吸收剂量大于0.20 Gy的工人中，CVD发病率在统计学上显著高于低剂量暴露组；数据与风险随外部剂量呈线性趋势一致。摄入（239）钚后肝脏内部阿尔法辐射总吸收剂量大于0.025 Gy的工人中，CVD发病率在统计学上显著高于低剂量暴露组。CVD死亡率风险与外部伽马射线剂量或肝脏内部阿尔法辐射剂量均无统计学上的显著趋势。尽管发病率数据显示与日本原子弹幸存者相比风险估计值更高，但所获得的风险估计总体上与其他大型职业研究的结果相符。对长期暴露于外部和内部辐射的马亚克工人这一独特队列的进一步研究，将有助于提高可靠性并验证职业和公众暴露的辐射安全标准。
