Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2011 Nov;120(4):911-21. doi: 10.1037/a0023333. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) often show decision-making deficits in everyday circumstances. A failure to appropriately weigh immediate versus future consequences of choices may contribute to these deficits. We used the delay discounting task in individuals with BD or SZ to investigate their temporal decision making. Twenty-two individuals with BD, 21 individuals with SZ, and 30 healthy individuals completed the delay discounting task along with neuropsychological measures of working memory and cognitive function. Both BD and SZ groups discounted delayed rewards more steeply than did the healthy group even after controlling for current substance use, age, gender, and employment. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that discounting rate was associated with both diagnostic group and working memory or intelligence scores. In each group, working memory or intelligence scores negatively correlated with discounting rate. The results suggest that (a) both BD and SZ groups value smaller, immediate rewards more than larger, delayed rewards compared with the healthy group and (b) working memory or intelligence is related to temporal decision making in individuals with BD or SZ as well as in healthy individuals.
双相情感障碍（BD）和精神分裂症（SZ）患者在日常生活中经常表现出决策缺陷。无法适当权衡选择的即时和未来后果可能导致这些缺陷。我们使用延迟折扣任务来研究 BD 或 SZ 个体的时间决策。22 名 BD 患者、21 名 SZ 患者和 30 名健康个体完成了延迟折扣任务，以及工作记忆和认知功能的神经心理学测量。即使在控制当前物质使用、年龄、性别和就业情况后，BD 和 SZ 组对延迟奖励的折扣也比健康组更为陡峭。层次多重回归分析表明，折扣率与诊断组和工作记忆或智力分数都有关。在每个组中，工作记忆或智力分数与折扣率呈负相关。结果表明：（a）BD 和 SZ 组与健康组相比，更看重较小的即时奖励，而不是较大的延迟奖励；（b）工作记忆或智力与 BD 或 SZ 个体以及健康个体的时间决策有关。
