Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Oct;94(4):1113-26. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.016667. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
The effect of coffee and caffeine on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hypertensive persons is uncertain.
The objective was to summarize the evidence on the acute and longer-term effects of caffeine and coffee intake on BP and on the association between habitual coffee consumption and risk of CVD in hypertensive individuals.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of publications identified in a PubMed and EMBASE search up to 30 April 2011 was undertaken. Data were extracted from controlled trials on the effect of caffeine or coffee intake on BP change and from cohort studies on the association between habitual coffee consumption and CVD.
In 5 trials, the administration of 200-300 mg caffeine produced a mean increase of 8.1 mm Hg (95% CI: 5.7, 10.6 mm Hg) in systolic BP and of 5.7 mm Hg (95% CI: 4.1, 7.4 mm Hg) in diastolic BP. The increase in BP was observed in the first hour after caffeine intake and lasted ≥3 h. In 3 studies of the longer-term effect (2 wk) of coffee, no increase in BP was observed after coffee was compared with a caffeine-free diet or was compared with decaffeinated coffee. Last, 7 cohort studies found no evidence of an association between habitual coffee consumption and a higher risk of CVD.
In hypertensive individuals, caffeine intake produces an acute increase in BP for ≥3 h. However, current evidence does not support an association between longer-term coffee consumption and increased BP or between habitual coffee consumption and an increased risk of CVD in hypertensive subjects.
咖啡和咖啡因对高血压人群的血压（BP）和心血管疾病（CVD）的影响尚不确定。
总结关于咖啡因和咖啡摄入对 BP 的急性和长期影响的证据，以及习惯性咖啡消费与高血压个体 CVD 风险之间的关联。
对截至 2011 年 4 月 30 日在 PubMed 和 EMBASE 搜索中确定的出版物进行系统评价和荟萃分析。从关于咖啡因或咖啡摄入对 BP 变化影响的对照试验和关于习惯性咖啡消费与 CVD 之间关联的队列研究中提取数据。
在 5 项试验中，摄入 200-300mg 咖啡因可使收缩压平均升高 8.1mmHg（95%CI：5.7, 10.6mmHg），舒张压平均升高 5.7mmHg（95%CI：4.1, 7.4mmHg）。血压升高发生在摄入咖啡因后的第一个小时内，并持续≥3 小时。在 3 项关于咖啡的长期影响（2 周）的研究中，与无咖啡因饮食或脱咖啡因咖啡相比，咖啡后血压没有升高。最后，7 项队列研究没有发现习惯性咖啡消费与 CVD 风险增加之间存在关联。
在高血压个体中，咖啡因摄入会导致血压急性升高≥3 小时。然而，目前的证据不支持长期咖啡消费与血压升高之间存在关联，也不支持习惯性咖啡消费与高血压患者 CVD 风险增加之间存在关联。
