Laboratório de Malária, Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011 Aug;106 Suppl 1:12-26. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000900003.
Enhanced understanding of the transmission dynamics and population genetics for Plasmodium vivax is crucial in predicting the emergence and spread of novel parasite phenotypes with major public health implications, such as new relapsing patterns, drug resistance and increased virulence. Suitable molecular markers are required for these population genetic studies. Here, we focus on two groups of molecular markers that are commonly used to analyse natural populations of P. vivax. We use markers under selective pressure, for instance, antigen-coding polymorphic genes, and markers that are not under strong natural selection, such as most minisatellite and microsatellite loci. First, we review data obtained using genes encoding for P. vivax antigens: circumsporozoite protein, merozoite surface proteins 1 and 3α, apical membrane antigen 1 and Duffy binding antigen. We next address neutral or nearly neutral molecular markers, especially microsatellite loci, providing a complete list of markers that have already been used in P. vivax populations studies. We also analyse the microsatellite loci identified in the P. vivax genome project. Finally, we discuss some practical uses for P. vivax genotyping, for example, detecting multiple-clone infections and tracking the geographic origin of isolates.
增强对间日疟原虫传播动力学和种群遗传学的理解，对于预测具有重大公共卫生意义的新型寄生虫表型的出现和传播至关重要，例如新的复发模式、药物耐药性和毒力增加。这些种群遗传学研究需要合适的分子标记。在这里，我们重点关注两组常用于分析间日疟原虫自然种群的分子标记。我们使用受到选择压力的标记，例如抗原编码多态性基因，以及不受强烈自然选择影响的标记，例如大多数小卫星和微卫星位点。首先，我们回顾了使用编码间日疟原虫抗原的基因获得的数据：环子孢子蛋白、裂殖体表面蛋白 1 和 3α、顶端膜抗原 1 和 Duffy 结合抗原。接下来，我们讨论中性或近中性分子标记，特别是微卫星位点，提供了已经用于间日疟原虫种群研究的标记的完整列表。我们还分析了间日疟原虫基因组计划中确定的微卫星位点。最后，我们讨论了间日疟原虫基因分型的一些实际用途，例如检测多克隆感染和跟踪分离株的地理来源。
