Department of Water Quality Research, Gyeonggi-do Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 440-290, Republic of Korea.
J Microbiol. 2011 Aug;49(4):585-94. doi: 10.1007/s12275-011-0530-6. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
It is important to know the comprehensive microbial communities of fecal pollution sources and receiving water bodies for microbial source tracking. Pyrosequencing targeting the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used to investigate the characteristics of bacterial and Bacteroidales communities in major fecal sources and river waters. Diversity analysis indicated that cow feces had the highest diversities in the bacterial and Bacteroidales group followed by the pig sample, with human feces having the lowest value. The Bacteroidales, one of the potential fecal indicators, totally dominated in the fecal samples accounting for 31%-52% of bacterial sequences, but much less (0.6%) in the river water. Clustering and Venn diagram analyses showed that the human sample had a greater similarity to the pig sample in the bacterial and Bacteroidales communities than to samples from other hosts. Traditional fecal indicators, i.e., Escherichia coli, were detected in the human and river water samples at very low rates and Clostridium perfringens and enterococci were not detected in any samples. Besides the Bacteroidales group, some microorganisms detected in the specific hosts, i.e., Parasutterella excrementihominis, Veillonella sp., Dialister invisus, Megamonas funiformis, and Ruminococcus lactaris for the human and Lactobacillus amylovorus and Atopostipes sp. for the pig, could be used as potential host-specific fecal indicators. These microorganisms could be used as multiple fecal indicators that are not dependent on the absence or presence of a single indicator. Monitoring for multiple indicators that are highly abundant and host-specific would greatly enhance the effectiveness of fecal pollution source tracking.
为了进行微生物溯源，了解粪便污染源和受纳水体的综合微生物群落至关重要。本研究采用靶向 16S rRNA 基因 V1-V3 高变区的焦磷酸测序技术，研究了主要粪便源和河水中细菌和拟杆菌门群落的特征。多样性分析表明，奶牛粪便的细菌和拟杆菌门组多样性最高，其次是猪样，而人粪便的多样性最低。拟杆菌门是一种潜在的粪便指示菌，在粪便样本中总占优势，占细菌序列的 31%-52%，而在河水中的比例则低得多（0.6%）。聚类和 Venn 图分析表明，在细菌和拟杆菌门群落中，人样与猪样的相似性大于与其他宿主样的相似性。传统粪便指示菌，即大肠杆菌，在人类和河水样本中的检出率非常低，而任何样本中均未检出梭菌属和肠球菌属。除了拟杆菌门群外，在特定宿主中检测到的一些微生物，即人源的普雷沃氏菌科 Paraprevotellaceae 属的人普雷沃氏菌 Parasutterella excrementihominis、韦荣氏球菌科 Veillonellaceae 属的韦荣球菌属 Veillonella sp.、消化链球菌科 Peptostreptococcaceae 属的无胆甾原体属 Dialister invisus、毛螺菌科 Lachnospiraceae 属的毛螺菌属 Megamonas funiformis 和瘤胃球菌科 Ruminococcaceae 属的乳酸杆菌 Lactobacillus amylovorus 以及猪源的阿托波氏菌科 Atopostipes 属的阿托波氏菌 Atopostipes sp.，可作为潜在的宿主特异性粪便指示菌。这些微生物可以作为非单一指示菌的非依赖于缺失或存在的多重粪便指示菌。监测高丰度和宿主特异性的多重指示菌将极大地提高粪便污染源追踪的效果。
