Public Health Foundation of India, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2011 Dec;8(4):235-40. doi: 10.1007/s11904-011-0096-2.
Stigma and discrimination have been "bed fellows" of HIV and AIDS in India. Perpetuated by lack of awareness, deep-rooted traditional beliefs, adherence to harmful practices, and a moralistic tag associated with a condition connected with sex (in India the method of HIV transmission being largely heterosexual in nature) and high-risk individuals such as sex workers, it made it difficult for the country to fight an epidemic that was hard to track, estimate, diagnose, and treat. Various interventions under India's National AIDS Control Program (NACP) have targeted stigma and discrimination among different groups. The program has been fairly successful in its outreach programs, bringing about a reduction in adult HIV prevalence and new infections. As the country transitions from NACP Phase III (2007-2012) to IV (2012-2017), making treatment and longevity its top priority, stigma is no longer such a terrifying word. This review discusses the social and cultural context of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in general and highlights various policies and intervention programs that have led India's campaign against HIV/AIDS-driven stigma into the testing, care, support, and treatment ambit.
污名和歧视一直是印度艾滋病病毒和艾滋病的“难兄难弟”。由于缺乏认识、根深蒂固的传统观念、对有害做法的坚持以及与性相关的疾病（在印度，艾滋病毒传播途径主要是异性恋）和高风险人群（如性工作者）相关的道德标签，使得印度难以应对这种难以追踪、估计、诊断和治疗的传染病。印度国家艾滋病控制计划（NACP）下的各种干预措施针对不同群体的污名和歧视。该计划在其推广计划中取得了相当大的成功，降低了成人艾滋病毒感染率和新感染率。随着该国从 NACP 第三阶段（2007-2012 年）过渡到第四阶段（2012-2017 年），将治疗和长寿作为重中之重，污名已经不再是一个可怕的词。本文综述了与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的污名的社会和文化背景，并强调了各种政策和干预计划，这些计划使印度的艾滋病防治运动将污名带入了检测、护理、支持和治疗领域。
