双语能力的涌现：元语言意识和执行控制的优势分离。
Emerging bilingualism: dissociating advantages for metalinguistic awareness and executive control.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St., M3J 1P3, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
Cognition. 2012 Jan;122(1):67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.08.003. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
Abstract
The present studies revealed different factors associated with the reported advantages found in fully bilingual children for metalinguistic awareness and executive control. Participants were 100 children in Study 1 and 80 children in Study 2 in the process of becoming bilingual by attending immersion programs. In both studies, level of proficiency in the language of testing was related to performance on metalinguistic tasks and length of time in the immersion program was related to performance on executive control tasks. This dissociation is consistent with models of lifespan development that distinguish between representational structure and executive control.
摘要
本研究揭示了与全双语儿童在元语言意识和执行控制方面报告的优势相关的不同因素。参与者为通过参加沉浸式课程成为双语者的 100 名儿童（研究 1）和 80 名儿童（研究 2）。在这两项研究中，测试语言的熟练程度与元语言任务的表现相关，而在沉浸式课程中的时间长短与执行控制任务的表现相关。这种分离与区分表象结构和执行控制的毕生发展模型一致。
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