Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Jun;26(6):1708-16. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318234e872.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an 8-week training period of resistance training alone (GR), or combined resistance and endurance training (GCOM), followed by 12 weeks of detraining (DT) on body composition, explosive strength, and ·VO₂max adaptations in a large sample of adolescent school boys. Forty-two healthy boys recruited from a Portuguese public high school (age: 13.3 ± 1.04 years) were assigned to 2 experimental groups to train twice a week for 8 weeks: GR (n = 15), GCOM (n = 15), and a control group (GC: n = 12; no training program). Significant training-induced differences were observed in 1- and 3-kg medicine ball throw gains (GR: +10.3 and +9.8%, respectively; GCOM: +14.4 and +7%, respectively), whereas no significant changes were observed after a DT period in both the experimental groups. Significant training-induced gains in the height and length of the countermovement (vertical-and-horizontal) jumps were observed in both the experimental groups. No differences were perceived after a DT period in lower limb power. Time at 20 m decreased significantly for both intervention programs (GR: -11.5% and GCOM: -12.4%, <0.00), but either GR or GCOM groups kept the running speed after a DT period of 12 weeks. After training, the ·VO₂max increased only significantly for GCOM (4.6%, p = 0.01). A significant loss was observed after a DT period in GR but not in GCOM. Performing resistance and endurance training in the same workout does not impair strength development in young school boys. As expected, strength training by itself does not improve aerobic capacity. Our results also suggest that training program effects even persist at the end of the DT period.
这项研究的目的是比较 8 周的单纯抗阻训练（GR）或抗阻与耐力联合训练（GCOM），随后进行 12 周的停训（DT）对大量青少年男学生身体成分、爆发力和最大摄氧量（·VO₂max）适应性的影响。从葡萄牙一所公立高中招募了 42 名健康男孩（年龄：13.3±1.04 岁），他们被分配到 2 个实验组，每周训练两次，持续 8 周：GR（n=15）、GCOM（n=15）和对照组（GC：n=12；无训练方案）。在 1kg 和 3kg 药球投掷成绩的增加方面，观察到了显著的训练诱导差异（GR：分别增加了 10.3%和 9.8%；GCOM：分别增加了 14.4%和 7%），而在实验结束后，两个实验组均未发生变化。在垂直和水平的反跳高度和长度方面，均观察到了显著的训练诱导增加。在下肢力量方面，在 DT 期间，两个实验组均未出现差异。在两个干预方案中，20m 时间均显著缩短（GR：-11.5%；GCOM：-12.4%，<0.00），但无论是 GR 还是 GCOM 组，在 12 周的 DT 后都保持了跑步速度。训练后，仅 GCOM 的·VO₂max 显著增加（4.6%，p=0.01）。GR 在 DT 期间观察到明显的下降，但 GCOM 则没有。在同一训练中进行抗阻和耐力训练不会损害年轻男学生的力量发展。正如预期的那样，单纯的力量训练不会提高有氧能力。我们的结果还表明，即使在 DT 结束后，训练方案的效果仍然存在。
