Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-12, Singapore 117576.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2011 Sep;6(7):1273-88. doi: 10.2217/nnm.11.108.
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs) are an emerging class of luminescent nanomaterials, exhibiting many advantages over conventional fluorophores, such as high signal-to-noise ratio and superior photostability. The near-infrared excitation wavelengths of these particles offer additional advantages such as deep tissue penetration and low photodamage to biological samples. In the last 5 years, with the advances in nanoparticles synthesis and modification technology, much research has been performed to exploit UCNs' advantages and integrate them into various biological applications. This review focuses on the recent developments of UCNs as imaging, detection and therapeutic tools, highlighting the respective strategies adopted.
上转换纳米粒子（UCNs）是一类新兴的发光纳米材料，相较于传统荧光染料具有许多优势，如高信噪比和优越的光稳定性。这些粒子的近红外激发波长还具有穿透深层组织和对生物样本低光损伤等额外优势。在过去的 5 年中，随着纳米粒子合成和修饰技术的进步，研究人员进行了大量工作来利用 UCNs 的优势并将其整合到各种生物应用中。本文综述了 UCNs 在成像、检测和治疗工具方面的最新进展，重点介绍了所采用的相应策略。
