Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012 Jun;36(6):1050-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01642.x. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
The differentiator model predicts that individuals with a positive family history of alcoholism (FHA) or heavy alcohol consumers will feel more sensitive to the effects of alcohol on the ascending phase of the blood alcohol content while feeling less sedated on the descending phase. This study tested whether subjective perceptions are sensitive to the slope of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and whether that sensitivity is associated with an FHA and/or recent drinking history (RDH).
Family-history-positive (FHP, n = 27) and family-history-negative (FHN, n = 27) young adult nondependent drinkers were infused intravenously with alcohol in 2 sessions separated by 1 week. After 20 minutes, one session had an ascending BrAC (+3.0 mg%/min), while the other session had a descending BrAC (-1 mg%/min). The BrAC for both sessions at this point was approximately 60 mg%, referred to as the crossover point. Subjective perceptions of intoxication, high, stimulated, and sedation were sampled frequently and then interpolated to the crossover point. Within-subject differences between ascending and descending responses were examined for associations with FHA and/or RDH.
Recent moderate drinkers reported increased perceptions of feeling intoxicated (p < 0.023) and high (p < 0.023) on the ascending slope compared with the descending slope. In contrast, recent light drinkers felt more intoxicated and high on the descending slope.
Subjective perceptions in young adult social drinkers depend on the slope of the BrAC when examined in association with RDH. These results support the differentiator model hypothesis concerning the ascending slope and suggest that moderate alcohol consumers could be at risk for increased alcohol consumption because they feel more intoxicated and high on the ascending slope. Subjects did not feel less sedated on the descending slope, contrary to the differentiator model but replicating several previous studies.
差异化模型预测，具有阳性家族酗酒史（FHA）或大量饮酒者在血液酒精含量上升阶段会对酒精的影响更为敏感，而在下降阶段则会感到镇静作用降低。本研究旨在检验主观感知是否对呼气酒精浓度（BrAC）斜率敏感，以及这种敏感性是否与 FHA 和/或近期饮酒史（RDH）相关。
家族史阳性（FHP，n=27）和家族史阴性（FHN，n=27）年轻非依赖饮酒者在两次相隔一周的静脉输注酒精实验中，每次输注 20 分钟。在其中一次实验中，BrAC 呈上升趋势（+3.0mg%/min），而在另一次实验中，BrAC 呈下降趋势（-1mg%/min）。此时，两个实验的 BrAC 约为 60mg%，称为交叉点。频繁采样并内插至交叉点后，评估受试者在两个实验中的醉酒、兴奋、刺激和镇静感。检验 FHA 和/或 RDH 与上升和下降反应之间的差异。
最近中度饮酒者报告称，在上升斜率上比在下降斜率上更易感到醉酒（p<0.023）和兴奋（p<0.023）。相比之下，最近轻度饮酒者在下降斜率上感觉更醉酒和兴奋。
在与 RDH 相关的研究中，年轻成年社交饮酒者的主观感知取决于 BrAC 的斜率。这些结果支持差异化模型关于上升斜率的假设，并表明中度饮酒者可能因在上升斜率上更易感到醉酒和兴奋而增加饮酒量。与差异化模型相反，但与之前的多项研究一致，受试者在下降斜率上并没有感到镇静作用降低。
