Rosado Jorge L, Garcia Olga P, Ronquillo Dolores, Hervert-Hernández Deisy, Caamaño Maria Del C, Martínez Guadalupe, Gutiérrez Jessica, García Sandra
Human Nutrition Department, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autónomade Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Oct;111(10):1507-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.07.011.
Micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with an increase in fat deposition and body weight; thus, adding them to low-fat milk may facilitate weight loss when accompanied by an energy-restricted diet.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of the intake of low-fat milk and low-fat milk with added micronutrients on anthropometrics, body composition, blood glucose levels, lipids profile, C-reactive protein, and blood pressure of women following an energy-restricted diet.
A 16-week randomized, controlled intervention study.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS: One hundred thirty-nine obese women (aged 34±6 years) from five rural communities in Querétaro, Mexico.
Women followed an energy-restricted diet (-500 kcal) and received in addition one of the following treatments: 250 mL of low-fat milk (LFM) three times/day, 250 mL of low-fat milk with micronutrients (LFM+M) three times/day, or a no milk control group (CON). Weight, height, and hip and waist circumferences were measured at baseline and every 4 weeks. Body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and blood analysis were done at baseline and at the end of the 16 weeks.
Changes in weight and body composition.
One-factor analysis of variance, adjusted by age, baseline values, and community random effects.
After the 16-week intervention, participants in the LFM+M group lost significantly more weight (-5.1 kg; 95% CI: -6.2 to -4.1) compared with LFM (-3.6 kg; 95% CI: -4.7 to -2.6) and CON (-3.2 kg; 95% CI: -4.3 to -2.2) group members (P=0.035). Body mass index change in the LFM+M group (-2.3; 95% CI: -2.7 to -1.8) was significantly greater than LFM group members (-1.5; 95% CI: -2.0 to -1.1) and CON group members (-1.4; 95% CI: -1.9 to -0.9) (P=0.022). Change in percent body fat among LFM+M group members (-2.7%; 95% CI: -3.2 to -2.1) was significantly higher than LFM group members (-1.8%; 95% CI: -2.3 to -1.3) and CON group members (-1.6%; 95% CI: -2.2 to -1.0) (P=0.019). Change in bone mineral content was significantly higher in LFM group members (29 mg; 95% CI: 15 to 44) and LFM+M group members (27 mg; 95% CI: 13 to 41) compared with CON group members (-2 mg; 95% CI: -17 to -14) (P=0.007). No differences were found between groups in glucose level, blood lipid profile, C-reactive protein level, or blood pressure.
Intake of LFM+M increases the effectiveness of an energy-restricted diet to treat obesity, but had no effect on blood lipid levels, glucose levels, C-reactive protein, or blood pressure.
微量营养素缺乏与脂肪沉积增加和体重上升有关；因此，在低脂牛奶中添加微量营养素，并配合能量限制饮食，可能有助于减肥。
评估摄入低脂牛奶以及添加了微量营养素的低脂牛奶对遵循能量限制饮食的女性的人体测量指标、身体成分、血糖水平、血脂谱、C反应蛋白和血压的影响。
一项为期16周的随机对照干预研究。
参与者/地点：来自墨西哥克雷塔罗州五个农村社区的139名肥胖女性（年龄34±6岁）。
女性遵循能量限制饮食（-500千卡），并额外接受以下一种治疗：每天三次，每次250毫升低脂牛奶（LFM）；每天三次，每次250毫升添加了微量营养素的低脂牛奶（LFM+M）；或无牛奶对照组（CON）。在基线时以及每4周测量体重、身高、臀围和腰围。在基线时和16周结束时，通过双能X线吸收法测量身体成分、测量血压并进行血液分析。
体重和身体成分的变化。
单因素方差分析，按年龄、基线值和社区随机效应进行调整。
经过16周的干预，LFM+M组参与者的体重减轻幅度（-5.1千克；95%置信区间：-6.2至-4.1）显著大于LFM组（-3.6千克；95%置信区间：-4.7至-2.6）和CON组（-3.2千克；95%置信区间：-4.3至-2.2）的参与者（P=0.035）。LFM+M组的体重指数变化（-2.3；95%置信区间：-2.7至-1.8）显著大于LFM组参与者（-1.5；95%置信区间：-2.0至-1.1）和CON组参与者（-1.4；95%置信区间：-1.9至-0.9）（P=0.022）。LFM+M组参与者的体脂百分比变化（-2.7%；95%置信区间：-3.2至-2.1）显著高于LFM组参与者（-1.8%；95%置信区间：-2.3至-1.3）和CON组参与者（-1.6%；95%置信区间：-2.2至-1.0）（P=0.019）。与CON组参与者（-2毫克；95%置信区间：-17至-14）相比，LFM组参与者（29毫克；95%置信区间：15至44）和LFM+M组参与者（27毫克；95%置信区间：13至41）的骨矿物质含量变化显著更高（P=0.007）。各组在血糖水平、血脂谱、C反应蛋白水平或血压方面未发现差异。
摄入LFM+M可提高能量限制饮食治疗肥胖的效果，但对血脂水平、血糖水平、C反应蛋白或血压无影响。
