Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2011 Dec;25(8):2105-12. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.013. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
Carbon fullerenes possess unique properties and their interactions with biomolecules have widespread applications. Functionalization of fullerenes with hydroxyl groups (fullerenols) can increase the solubility and potential for cellular interaction, but the health and safety effects of varying degrees of fullerene hydroxylation in biological systems is poorly understood. Existing reports regarding the toxicity and inflammatory potential of fullerenols give conflicting conclusions. To further elucidate the potential for toxicity of fullerenols, human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were exposed to fullerenols (low (C60(OH)20), medium (C60(OH)24), and high (C60(OH)32)) at concentrations ranging from 0.000544-42.5 μg/ml for 24 and 48 h. A statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in viability with alamar Blue (aB) was noted only with C60(OH)32 at 42.5 μg/ml after 24 h. Nanoparticle (NP) controls showed minimal NP/assay interference of the three fullerenols with the aB viability assay. Normalized IL-8 concentration for C60(OH)20 was not significantly different from control, while C60(OH)24 and C60(OH)32 showed a significant decrease at 24 and 48 h. These results suggest that different hydroxylation of fullerenes caused no cytotoxicity or inflammation up to 8.55 μg/ml. These findings suggest that extrapolation across similar NP will be dependent upon surface chemistry and concentration which may affect the degree of agglomeration and thus biological effects.
碳富勒烯具有独特的性质，其与生物分子的相互作用具有广泛的应用。富勒烯的羟基化（富勒醇）可以增加其溶解度和与细胞相互作用的潜力，但生物系统中富勒烯不同程度羟基化的健康和安全影响还了解甚少。现有的关于富勒醇毒性和炎症潜力的报告得出了相互矛盾的结论。为了进一步阐明富勒醇的潜在毒性，将人表皮角质细胞（HEK）暴露于富勒醇（低（C60（OH）20）、中（C60（OH）24）和高（C60（OH）32））浓度范围为 0.000544-42.5μg/ml 24 和 48 小时。仅在用 C60（OH）32 处理 42.5μg/ml 24 小时后，alamar Blue（aB）检测到细胞活力的统计学显著（p<0.05）下降。纳米颗粒（NP）对照显示三种富勒醇的 NP/测定干扰极小，对 aB 活力测定无影响。与对照相比，C60（OH）20 的归一化 IL-8 浓度没有明显差异，而 C60（OH）24 和 C60（OH）32 在 24 和 48 小时显示出明显的降低。这些结果表明，富勒烯的不同羟基化在高达 8.55μg/ml 的浓度下不会引起细胞毒性或炎症。这些发现表明，跨类似 NP 的推断将取决于表面化学和浓度，这可能会影响团聚程度，从而影响生物效应。
