Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Oct;85(4):691-6. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0046.
A cohort study was designed to assess the impact of mass distribution of azithromycin (MDA) for trachoma control on incidence over six months of pediatric diarrhea in eight communities in rural Tanzania. A single dose of azithromycin was offered to all residents in four communities, where trachoma prevalence was ≥ 10%. Four geographically matched communities had trachoma prevalences < 10% and did not receive MDA. All randomly selected children (n = 1036) were followed-up for six months post-MDA with bi-weekly surveillance at home. In the 0-1-month and 1-3-month periods, MDA exposure was associated with a 39% (rate ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.39-0.95) and 24% (rate ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval = 0.54-1.07) lower risk of diarrhea, respectively, compared with those unexposed, after adjustment for clustering and covariates. By the 3-6-month period, diarrhea incidence was comparable between groups. Thus, MDA was associated with a short-term reduction in diarrheal morbidity in children.
一项队列研究旨在评估大规模分发阿奇霉素（MDA）控制沙眼对坦桑尼亚农村 8 个社区六个月内儿科腹泻发病率的影响。在四个社区，向所有沙眼患病率≥10%的居民提供单剂量阿奇霉素。四个地理匹配的社区沙眼患病率<10%，没有接受 MDA。所有随机选择的儿童（n=1036）在 MDA 后六个月内进行随访，在家中每两周进行一次监测。在 0-1 个月和 1-3 个月期间，与未暴露组相比，MDA 暴露分别使腹泻风险降低 39%（相对危险比=0.61，95%置信区间=0.39-0.95）和 24%（相对危险比=0.76，95%置信区间=0.54-1.07），调整聚类和协变量后。到第 3-6 个月，两组腹泻发病率相当。因此，MDA 与儿童腹泻发病率的短期降低有关。
