Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Organogenesis. 2011 Jul-Sep;7(3):165-79. doi: 10.4161/org.7.3.18143. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
In all multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are not only polarized along the apical-basal axis, but also within the epithelial plane, giving cells a sense of direction. Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling regulates establishment of polarity within the plane of an epithelium. The outcomes of PCP signaling are diverse and include the determination of cell fates, the generation of asymmetric but highly aligned structures, such as the stereocilia in the human inner ear or the hairs on a fly wing, or the directional migration of cells during convergence and extension during vertebrate gastrulation. In humans, aberrant PCP signaling can result in severe developmental defects, such as open neural tubes (spina bifida), and can cause cystic kidneys. In this review, we discuss the basic mechanism and more recent findings of PCP signaling focusing on Drosophila melanogaster, the model organism in which most key PCP components were initially identified.
在所有多细胞生物中，上皮细胞不仅沿着顶端-基底轴极化，而且在上皮平面内极化，使细胞具有方向感。平面细胞极性（PCP）信号调节上皮平面内的极性建立。PCP 信号的结果是多种多样的，包括细胞命运的决定、不对称但高度对齐结构的产生，如人类内耳中的纤毛或果蝇翅膀上的毛发，或在脊椎动物原肠胚形成期间细胞的定向迁移和延伸。在人类中，异常的 PCP 信号会导致严重的发育缺陷，如神经管未闭（脊柱裂），并可能导致囊性肾病。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 PCP 信号的基本机制和最近的发现，重点是果蝇，最初在该模型生物中鉴定出大多数关键的 PCP 成分。
