USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2011 Nov;67(11):1349-51. doi: 10.1002/ps.2271.
In August 2008, the first detection of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, to the North America mainland in California caused great concern, as the fly was found infesting a variety of commercial fruits. Subsequent detections followed in Oregon, Washington, Florida and British Columbia in 2009; in Utah, North Carolina, South Carolina, Michigan, and Louisiana in 2010; and in Virginia, Montana, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Mexico in 2011. In Europe, it has been detected in Italy and Spain in 2009 and in France in 2010. Economic costs to the grower from D. suzukii include the increased cost of production (increased labor and materials for chemical inputs, monitoring and other management tools) and crop loss. An effective response to the invasion of D. suzukii requires proper taxonomic identification at the initial phase, understanding basic biology and phenology, developing management tools, transferring information and technology quickly to user groups, and evaluating the impact of the research and extension program on an economic, social, and environmental level. As D. suzukii continues to expand its range, steps must be initiated in each new region to educate and inform the public as well as formulate management tactics suitable for the crops and growing conditions in each.
2008 年 8 月，斑翅果蝇 Drosophila suzukii 首次在北美洲大陆的加利福尼亚被发现，引起了极大的关注，因为这种果蝇被发现侵害了多种商业水果。随后在 2009 年于俄勒冈州、华盛顿州、佛罗里达州和不列颠哥伦比亚省发现；在 2010 年于犹他州、北卡罗来纳州、南卡罗来纳州、密歇根州和路易斯安那州发现；在 2011 年于弗吉尼亚州、蒙大拿州、威斯康星州、宾夕法尼亚州、新泽西州、马里兰州和墨西哥发现。在欧洲，它于 2009 年在意大利和西班牙以及 2010 年在法国被发现。斑翅果蝇给种植者带来的经济成本包括生产成本的增加（增加劳动力和化学投入、监测和其他管理工具的材料）和作物损失。对斑翅果蝇入侵的有效应对需要在初始阶段进行正确的分类鉴定，了解基本生物学和物候学，开发管理工具，迅速向用户群体传递信息和技术，并评估研究和推广计划在经济、社会和环境层面上的影响。随着斑翅果蝇不断扩大其分布范围，必须在每个新地区采取措施，对公众进行教育和宣传，并制定适合每个地区作物和种植条件的管理策略。
