Drug Information and Monitoring System, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Apr;220(4):751-62. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2529-4. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
Most studies on the subjective effects of ecstasy are based on the assumption that the substance that was taken is 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). However, many tablets sold as ecstasy contain other substances and MDMA in varying doses. So far, few attempts have been made to take this into account while assessing subjective effects.
This study aims to link the pharmacological content of tablets sold as ecstasy to the subjective experiences reported by ecstasy users.
Self-reported effects on ecstasy tablets were available from 5,786 drug users who handed in their tablets for chemical analysis at the Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) in the Netherlands. Logistic regression was employed to link the pharmacological content of ecstasy tablets to the self-reported subjective effects and compare effects with MDMA to other substances present.
MDMA showed a strong association with desirable subjective effects, unparalleled by any other psychoactive substance. However, the association of MDMA was dose-dependent, with higher doses (>120 mg/tablet) likely to evoke more adverse effects. The novel psychostimulants mephedrone and p-fluoroamphetamine were considered relatively desirable, whereas meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and p-methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) were strongly associated with adverse subjective effects. Also, 3,4-methylene-dioxyamphetamine (MDA) and benzylpiperazine (BZP) were not appreciated as replacement for MDMA.
Linking the pharmacological content of ecstasy sold on the street to subjective experiences contributes to a better understanding of the wide range of subjective effects ascribed to ecstasy and provides a strong rationale for the prolonged endurance of MDMA as the key ingredient of the ecstasy market.
大多数关于摇头丸主观效应的研究都基于这样一种假设，即所服用的物质是 3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）。然而，许多作为摇头丸出售的片剂含有其他物质和不同剂量的 MDMA。到目前为止，在评估主观效应时，很少有人试图考虑到这一点。
本研究旨在将作为摇头丸出售的片剂的药理学含量与摇头丸使用者报告的主观体验联系起来。
荷兰药物信息和监测系统（DIMS）共收到 5786 名吸毒者交来的用于化学分析的摇头丸，这些吸毒者报告了他们在服用摇头丸后的自身感受。我们采用逻辑回归将摇头丸片剂的药理学含量与自我报告的主观效应联系起来，并比较 MDMA 与其他存在的物质的效果。
MDMA 与理想的主观效应有很强的关联，没有任何其他精神活性物质能与之媲美。然而，MDMA 的关联是剂量依赖性的，较高剂量（>120mg/片）可能会引起更多的不良反应。新型精神兴奋剂甲卡西酮和对氟苯丙胺被认为相对理想，而间氯苯哌嗪（mCPP）和对甲氧苯丙胺（PMMA）则与强烈的不良主观效应相关。此外，3,4-亚甲基二氧苯丙胺（MDA）和苄基哌嗪（BZP）也不能替代 MDMA。
将街头出售的摇头丸的药理学含量与主观体验联系起来，有助于更好地理解归因于摇头丸的广泛的主观效应，并为 MDMA 作为摇头丸市场的关键成分而持久存在提供了强有力的理由。
