Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4640, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA; E-Mail:
Viruses. 2010 Dec;2(12):2559-86. doi: 10.3390/v2122559. Epub 2010 Nov 25.
The continued emergence and re-emergence of pathogens represent an ongoing, sometimes major, threat to populations. Hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae) and their associated human diseases were considered to be confined to Eurasia, but the occurrence of an outbreak in 1993-94 in the southwestern United States led to a great increase in their study among virologists worldwide. Well over 40 hantaviral genotypes have been described, the large majority since 1993, and nearly half of them pathogenic for humans. Hantaviruses cause persistent infections in their reservoir hosts, and in the Americas, human disease is manifest as a cardiopulmonary compromise, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), with case-fatality ratios, for the most common viral serotypes, between 30% and 40%. Habitat disturbance and larger-scale ecological disturbances, perhaps including climate change, are among the factors that may have increased the human caseload of HCPS between 1993 and the present. We consider here the features that influence the structure of host population dynamics that may lead to viral outbreaks, as well as the macromolecular determinants of hantaviruses that have been regarded as having potential contribution to pathogenicity.
病原体的持续出现和再现对人群构成持续的、有时是重大的威胁。汉坦病毒（布尼亚病毒科）及其相关人类疾病以前被认为只局限于欧亚大陆，但 1993-1994 年在美国西南部的一次暴发导致全世界病毒学家对其进行了大量研究。已经描述了超过 40 种汉坦病毒基因型，其中绝大多数是在 1993 年之后描述的，其中近一半对人类具有致病性。汉坦病毒在其储存宿主中引起持续性感染，而在美洲，人类疾病表现为心肺功能受损，即汉坦病毒心肺综合征（HCPS），最常见的病毒血清型的病死率在 30%至 40%之间。栖息地干扰和更大规模的生态干扰，包括气候变化等，可能是导致 1993 年以来 HCPS 患者人数增加的因素之一。在这里，我们考虑了影响宿主种群动态结构的因素，这些因素可能导致病毒暴发，以及被认为对致病性有潜在贡献的汉坦病毒的大分子决定因素。
