Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 14;13(46):20714-23. doi: 10.1039/c1cp22659b. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
High power electrical energy storage systems are becoming critical devices for advanced energy storage technology. This is true in part due to their high rate capabilities and moderate energy densities which allow them to capture power efficiently from evanescent, renewable energy sources. High power systems include both electrochemical capacitors and electrostatic capacitors. These devices have fast charging and discharging rates, supplying energy within seconds or less. Recent research has focused on increasing power and energy density of the devices using advanced materials and novel architectural design. An increase in understanding of structure-property relationships in nanomaterials and interfaces and the ability to control nanostructures precisely has led to an immense improvement in the performance characteristics of these devices. In this review, we discuss the recent advances for both electrochemical and electrostatic capacitors as high power electrical energy storage systems, and propose directions and challenges for the future. We asses the opportunities in nanostructure-based high power electrical energy storage devices and include electrochemical and electrostatic capacitors for their potential to open the door to a new regime of power energy.
高功率储能系统正成为先进储能技术的关键设备。这在一定程度上是因为它们具有高倍率性能和中等能量密度，这使它们能够有效地从瞬息万变的可再生能源中捕获功率。高功率系统包括电化学电容器和静电电容器。这些设备具有快速的充放电率，能够在几秒钟或更短的时间内提供能量。最近的研究集中在使用先进材料和新颖的架构设计来提高设备的功率和能量密度。对纳米材料和界面结构-性能关系的理解的提高，以及精确控制纳米结构的能力，使得这些设备的性能特性得到了极大的改善。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了电化学和静电电容器作为高功率储能系统的最新进展，并为未来提出了方向和挑战。我们评估了基于纳米结构的高功率储能器件的机会，并将电化学和静电电容器纳入其中，因为它们有可能开辟电力储能的新时代。
