Oral and Dental Sciences Research Group, School of Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
Microsc Res Tech. 2012 May;75(5):576-85. doi: 10.1002/jemt.21094. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
Functional restoration for orthopedic, systemic, or dental purposes uses a diverse range of biomaterials. Monitoring for any subsequent failures associated with pathology is vital. To this end, an alternative methodology beyond that of cutting sections by conventional microtome knife-based histomethodologies was pioneered. The method was to saw a block of tissue followed by grinding the unsupported slice to the required thickness. The sawing and grinding of unsupported bones or teeth exposed not only the specimen fragility, but also the delicacy of the associated soft tissues. Although incomplete, the significance of the technique was recognized and improvements were incorporated which persist to the present day addressing the histopathology of challenging specimens. One major improvement for preserving cellular structure as well as reducing fracture incidence was achieved by impregnating tissue samples with cross-linked resins prior to the cutting and grinding processes. Methyl and glycol methacrylate resins superseded all other choices because of the advantages of photo-initiated curing. Further pioneering work led to the formulation of increasingly appropriate resin systems and the subsequent processing protocols evolved, as clinical needs for histology-specific techniques became apparent. Over the decades, several key pioneers entered this scientific arena to develop the now established resin formulation, processing protocols, and allied applications. This has led to the commercialization of the various resin systems. The aim here is to discuss the commercially available glycol and methyl methacrylate resin systems and their practical application to a variety of important techniques used in the histological assessment of complex pathology specimens.
为了骨科、系统性或牙科的功能恢复，使用了多种生物材料。监测与病理学相关的任何后续失效是至关重要的。为此，除了传统的基于显微镜刀的组织学方法进行切片外，还开创了一种替代方法。该方法是先锯切组织块，然后研磨未支撑的切片至所需的厚度。未支撑的骨骼或牙齿的锯切和研磨不仅暴露了标本的易碎性，还暴露了相关软组织的脆弱性。尽管该方法并不完整，但人们已经认识到其重要性，并进行了改进，这些改进一直沿用至今，以解决具有挑战性的标本的组织病理学问题。一种主要的改进方法是在切割和研磨过程之前，用交联树脂浸渍组织样本，以保留细胞结构并减少断裂的发生。甲基和乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯树脂由于光引发固化的优势，取代了所有其他选择。进一步的开创性工作导致了越来越合适的树脂系统的配方的发展，随后处理方案也得到了发展，因为临床对特定于组织学的技术的需求变得明显。几十年来，有几位重要的先驱者进入了这个科学领域，开发出了现在已确立的树脂配方、处理方案和相关应用。这导致了各种树脂系统的商业化。这里的目的是讨论市售的乙二醇和甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂系统及其在各种重要技术中的实际应用，这些技术用于对复杂病理标本进行组织学评估。
