Morganstern Irene, Barson Jessica R, Leibowitz Sarah F
Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2011 Sep;4(3):163-73. doi: 10.2174/1874473711104030163.
This review is aimed at understanding some of the common neurochemical, behavioral and physiological determinants of drug and food overconsumption. Much current work has been devoted to determining the similarities between the brain circuits controlling excessive use of addictive drugs and the overconsumption of palatable foods. The brain systems involved likely include peptides of both mesolimbic and hypothalamic origin. Evidence gathered from expression and injection studies suggests that the consumption of drugs, such as ethanol and nicotine, and also of palatable foods rich in fat is stimulated by different orexigenic peptides, such as enkephalin, galanin, orexin, and melaninconcentrating hormone, acting within the hypothalamus or various limbic structures, while another peptide, neuropeptide Y, is closely related to carbohydrate consumption and shows an inverse relationship with ethanol and nicotine consumption. Moreover, studies in animal models suggest that a propensity to overconsume these reinforcing substances may result from preexisting disturbances in these same peptide systems. These neurochemical disturbances, in turn, may also be closely linked to specific behaviors associated with excessive consummatory behavior, such as hyperactivity or novelty-seeking, palatable food preference, and also fluctuations in circulating lipid levels. Clear understanding of the relationship between these various determinants of consummatory behavior will allow researchers to effectively predict and examine at early stages of exposure animals that are prone to drug and food overconsumption. This work may ultimately aid in the identification of inherent traits that increase the risk for drug abuse and palatable food overconsumption.
本综述旨在了解药物和食物过度消费的一些常见神经化学、行为和生理决定因素。目前许多工作致力于确定控制成瘾药物过度使用的脑回路与美味食物过度消费之间的相似性。涉及的脑系统可能包括中脑边缘系统和下丘脑来源的肽。从表达和注射研究收集的证据表明，乙醇和尼古丁等药物以及富含脂肪的美味食物的消费受到不同的促食欲肽的刺激，如脑啡肽、甘丙肽、食欲素和促黑素细胞激素，它们在下丘脑或各种边缘结构中起作用，而另一种肽神经肽Y与碳水化合物消费密切相关，与乙醇和尼古丁消费呈负相关。此外，动物模型研究表明，过度消费这些强化物质的倾向可能源于这些相同肽系统中先前存在的紊乱。反过来，这些神经化学紊乱也可能与与过度消费行为相关的特定行为密切相关，如多动或寻求新奇、对美味食物的偏好以及循环脂质水平的波动。清楚地了解这些消费行为的各种决定因素之间的关系将使研究人员能够在接触的早期阶段有效地预测和检查易发生药物和食物过度消费的动物。这项工作最终可能有助于识别增加药物滥用和美味食物过度消费风险的固有特征。
