Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA.
Psychol Med. 2012 Jun;42(6):1185-93. doi: 10.1017/S0033291711002169. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
Cognitive therapy has been found to be effective in decreasing the recurrence of suicide attempts. A theoretical aim of cognitive therapy is to improve problem-solving skills so that suicide no longer remains the only available option. This study examined the differential rate of change in problem-solving appraisal following suicide attempts among individuals who participated in a randomized controlled trial for the prevention of suicide.
Changes in problem-solving appraisal from pre- to 6-months post-treatment in individuals with a recent suicide attempt, randomized to either cognitive therapy (n = 60) or a control condition (n = 60), were assessed by using the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised, Short Form.
Improvements in problem-solving appraisal were similarly observed for both groups within the 6-month follow-up. However, during this period, individuals assigned to the cognitive therapy condition demonstrated a significantly faster rate of improvement in negative problem orientation and impulsivity/carelessness. More specifically, individuals receiving cognitive therapy were significantly less likely to report a negative view toward life problems and impulsive/carelessness problem-solving style.
Cognitive therapy for the prevention of suicide provides rapid changes within 6 months on negative problem orientation and impulsivity/carelessness problem-solving style. Given that individuals are at the greatest risk for suicide within 6 months of their last suicide attempt, the current study demonstrates that a brief cognitive intervention produces a rapid rate of improvement in two important domains of problem-solving appraisal during this sensitive period.
认知疗法已被证明能有效减少自杀企图的复发。认知疗法的一个理论目标是提高解决问题的能力，使自杀不再是唯一可行的选择。本研究考察了在预防自杀的随机对照试验中，参加者在自杀未遂后，解决问题评价的变化率的差异。
通过使用修订后的社会问题解决量表-短式，评估在 6 个月的治疗前和治疗后，最近有自杀企图的个体的解决问题评价的变化，这些个体被随机分配到认知治疗组（n = 60）或对照组（n = 60）。
在 6 个月的随访期间，两组的解决问题评价都有相似的改善。然而，在此期间，被分配到认知治疗组的个体在消极问题取向和冲动/粗心方面表现出明显更快的改善速度。更具体地说，接受认知治疗的个体报告对生活问题的消极看法和冲动/粗心的解决问题方式的可能性显著降低。
认知疗法预防自杀在 6 个月内对消极问题取向和冲动/粗心的解决问题方式产生了迅速的变化。鉴于个体在最后一次自杀企图后的 6 个月内自杀风险最高，本研究表明，在这个敏感时期，简短的认知干预在解决问题评价的两个重要领域产生了快速的改善。
