Department of Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2012 Mar 7;41(5):1892-910. doi: 10.1039/c1cs15197e. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
The design of molecular machines is stimulated by the possibility of developing new materials with complex physicochemical and mechanical properties that are responsive to external stimuli. Condensed-phase matter with anisotropic molecular order and controlled dynamics, also defined as amphidynamic crystals, offers a promising platform for the design of bulk materials capable of performing such functions. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to engineer molecular crystals and extended solids with Brownian rotation about specific axes that can be interfaced with external fields, which may ultimately be used to design novel optoelectronic materials. Structure/function relationships of amphidynamic materials have been characterized, establishing the blueprints to further engineer sophisticated function. However, the synthesis of amphidynamic molecular machines composed of multiple "parts" is essential to realize increasingly complex behavior. Recent progress in amphidynamic multicomponent systems suggests that sophisticated functions similar to those of simple biomolecular machines may eventually be within reach.
分子机器的设计受到开发具有复杂物理化学和机械性能的新材料的可能性的刺激，这些材料对外界刺激有响应。具有各向异性分子有序性和受控动力学的凝聚相物质，也被定义为双动态晶体，为设计能够执行此类功能的大块材料提供了一个有前途的平台。最近的研究表明，有可能设计具有布朗旋转的分子晶体和扩展固体，这些旋转可以围绕特定轴进行，并且可以与外部场进行接口，这最终可能用于设计新型光电材料。已经对双动态材料的结构/功能关系进行了表征，为进一步设计复杂功能奠定了基础。然而，由多个“部分”组成的双动态分子机器的合成对于实现越来越复杂的行为是必不可少的。最近在双动态多组分系统方面的进展表明，类似于简单生物分子机器的复杂功能最终可能触手可及。
