Nutrition and Health Studies Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Bahrain, Sakhair, Zallaq Street, Bahrain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Sep;8(9):3637-71. doi: 10.3390/ijerph8093637. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
The aim of this review was to highlight the current situation of nutrition-related diseases in the Arab countries, and factors associated with prevalence of these diseases. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for data relating to such nutrition-related diseases published between January 1990 and May 2011. The picture of nutritional status in the Arab countries has changed drastically over the past 30 years as a result of changes in the social and economic situation. Two contrasting nutrition-related diseases exist, those associated with inadequate intake of nutrients and unhealthy dietary habits such as growth retardation among young children and micronutrient deficiencies; and those associated with changes in lifestyle such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes and obesity (diet-related non-communicable diseases). Factors contributing to nutritional problems vary from country to country, depending on socio-economic status. In general, unsound dietary habits, poor sanitation, poverty, ignorance and lack of access to safe water and health services are mainly responsible for under-nutrition. Changes in lifestyle and dietary habits as well as inactivity are associated with the occurrence of diet-related non-communicable diseases. Programs to prevent and control nutrition-related diseases are insufficient and ineffective, due mainly to a focus on curative care at the expense of preventive health care services, lack of epidemiological studies, lack of nutritional surveillance, inadequate nutrition information and lack of assessment of the cost-effectiveness of nutrition intervention programs.
本次综述的目的是强调阿拉伯国家营养相关疾病的现状以及与这些疾病流行相关的因素。检索了 1990 年 1 月至 2011 年 5 月间发表的与营养相关疾病有关的数据，数据来源于 PubMed 和 Google Scholar。在过去 30 年中，由于社会经济状况的改变，阿拉伯国家的营养状况发生了巨大的变化。存在两种截然相反的营养相关疾病，一种是与营养摄入不足和不良饮食习惯相关的疾病，例如儿童发育迟缓以及微量营养素缺乏；另一种是与生活方式改变相关的疾病，例如心血管疾病、癌症、骨质疏松症、糖尿病和肥胖（饮食相关的非传染性疾病）。导致营养问题的因素因国家而异，这取决于社会经济状况。总的来说，不良的饮食习惯、卫生条件差、贫困、无知以及缺乏安全的水和卫生服务主要导致营养不足。生活方式和饮食习惯的改变以及缺乏运动与饮食相关的非传染性疾病的发生有关。预防和控制营养相关疾病的计划不足且效果不佳，这主要是由于注重治疗性医疗服务而牺牲了预防性医疗保健服务、缺乏流行病学研究、缺乏营养监测、营养信息不足以及缺乏营养干预计划成本效益评估。
