Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Oct 20;10(4):324-35. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.003.
Current knowledge is insufficient to explain why only a proportion of individuals exposed to environmental carcinogens or carrying a genetic predisposition to cancer develop disease. Clearly, other factors must be important, and one such element that has recently received attention is the human microbiome, the residential microbes including Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes, and viruses that colonize humans. Here, we review principles and paradigms of microbiome-related malignancy, as illustrated by three specific microbial-host interactions. We review the effects of the microbiota on local and adjacent neoplasia, present the estrobolome model of distant effects, and discuss the complex interactions with a latent virus leading to malignancy. These are separate facets of a complex biology interfacing all the microbial species we harbor from birth onward toward early reproductive success and eventual senescence.
目前的知识还不足以解释为什么只有一部分接触环境致癌物或有癌症遗传易感性的个体患上疾病。显然，其他因素一定很重要，而最近受到关注的一个因素是人类微生物组，即居住在人类体内的微生物，包括细菌、古菌、真核生物和病毒。在这里，我们通过三个具体的微生物-宿主相互作用来回顾与微生物组相关的恶性肿瘤的原则和范例。我们回顾了微生物群对局部和邻近肿瘤的影响，提出了远程影响的雌激素组模型，并讨论了与导致恶性肿瘤的潜伏病毒的复杂相互作用。这些是我们从出生到早期生殖成功和最终衰老一直携带的所有微生物物种的复杂生物学界面的不同方面。
