Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2011 Nov;67(11):1368-74. doi: 10.1002/ps.2280. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
Drosophila suzukii was first found in Oregon in August 2009. The threat of this pest to regional small and stone fruit production industries led to investigations on its overwintering capabilities in fruit-growing regions in the Pacific Northwest. Knowledge of its cold tolerance will help in the development of computer models to forecast seasonal population growth and decline.
Of 1500 adults or pupae, 22 (1.4%) individuals survived the 84 day experimental chilling period. Most (86%) of the survivors were subjected to 10 °C temperature treatments. Survival decreased significantly at lower temperature treatments. Freezing temporarily increased the mortality rate but did not significantly affect overall mortality over the trial period. Flies that emerged from pupae are estimated to survive for up to 103-105 days at 10 °C and for shorter periods at lower temperatures. Field trapping in five fruit production areas has demonstrated overwintering survival in California and Oregon, but lower survival is predicted in Eastern Washington and Michigan.
The experiments reported here indicate that long-term survival of D. suzukii is unlikely at temperatures below 10 °C. Field data from five climatic regions indicated extended low initial D. suzukii field presence in 2010 in all regions except California, where field presence was recorded earlier.
2009 年 8 月，Drosophila suzukii 首次在俄勒冈州被发现。这种害虫对该地区小型核果和核果产业的威胁，促使人们对其在太平洋西北地区果产区的越冬能力进行了调查。了解其耐寒性将有助于开发计算机模型来预测季节性种群增长和下降。
在 1500 只成虫或蛹中，有 22 只（1.4%）个体在 84 天的实验冷藏期存活下来。大多数（86%）幸存者受到 10°C 温度处理。在较低的温度处理下，存活率显著下降。冻结暂时增加了死亡率，但在整个试验期间对总死亡率没有显著影响。从蛹中孵化出的蝇估计在 10°C 下可存活长达 103-105 天，在较低温度下存活时间更短。在五个水果生产区的田间诱捕表明，加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州有越冬存活，但在华盛顿东部和密歇根州的预测存活率较低。
这里报告的实验表明，D. suzukii 在低于 10°C 的温度下长期生存的可能性不大。来自五个气候区的田间数据表明，2010 年除加利福尼亚州以外，所有地区的 D. suzukii 田间初始存在时间都延长了，而加利福尼亚州的田间存在时间更早。
