Patel Kirtika, Mining Simeon, Wakhisi Johnston, Gheit Tarik, Tommasino Massimo, Martel-Planche Ghislaine, Hainaut Pierre, Abedi-Ardekani Behnoush
Group of Molecular Carcinogenesis, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
BMC Res Notes. 2011 Oct 31;4:469. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-469.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus is one of the most common malignancies in both men and women in eastern and south-eastern Africa. In Kenya, clinical observations suggest that this cancer is frequent in the Rift Valley area. However, so far, there has been no report on the molecular characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in this area.
We have analyzed TP53 mutations, the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA and expression of inflammation markers Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) and Nitrotyrosine (NTyR) in 28 cases (13 males and 15 females) of archived ESCC tissues collected at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. Eleven mutations were detected in TP53 exons 5 to 8 (39%). All ESCC samples were negative for HPV 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70, 73 and 82. Immunohistochemical analysis of Cox-2 and NTyR showed a low proportion of positive cases (17.4% and 39.1%, respectively). No association between the above markers and suspected risk factors (alcohol or tobacco use, hot tea drinking, use of charcoal for cooking) was found.
Our findings suggest that mechanisms of esophageal carcinogenesis in eastern Africa might be different from other parts of the world. Low prevalence of TP53 mutation compared with other intermediate or high incidence areas of the world highlights this hypothesis. Our data did not support a possible ole of HPV in this series of cases. Further studies are needed to assess and compare the molecular patterns of ESCC from Kenya with those of high-incidence areas such as China or Central Asia.
食管鳞状细胞癌是东非和东南非男性和女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。在肯尼亚，临床观察表明，这种癌症在裂谷地区很常见。然而，到目前为止，该地区食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）的分子特征尚无报道。
我们分析了肯尼亚埃尔多雷特莫伊教学与转诊医院收集的28例存档ESCC组织（13例男性和15例女性）中的TP53突变、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）DNA的存在以及炎症标志物环氧化酶2（Cox-2）和硝基酪氨酸（NTyR）的表达。在TP53外显子5至8中检测到11个突变（39%）。所有ESCC样本的HPV 16、18、26、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、53、56、58、59、66、68、70、73和82均为阴性。Cox-2和NTyR的免疫组织化学分析显示阳性病例比例较低（分别为17.4%和39.1%）。未发现上述标志物与疑似危险因素（饮酒或吸烟、喝热茶、使用木炭烹饪）之间存在关联。
我们的研究结果表明，东非食管癌的发生机制可能与世界其他地区不同。与世界其他中高发病率地区相比，TP53突变的低患病率突出了这一假设。我们的数据不支持HPV在这一系列病例中的可能作用。需要进一步研究来评估和比较肯尼亚ESCC的分子模式与中国或中亚等高发病率地区的分子模式。
